Erythropoietin Antibodies

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Hormone involved in the regulation of erythrocyte proliferation and differentiation and the maintenance of a physiological level of circulating erythrocyte mass. Binds to EPOR resulting in EPOR dimerization and JAK2 activation thereby activating specific downstream effectors, including STAT1 and STAT3.

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	EPO
Uniprot:	P01588
Entrez:	2056

Family

Belongs to:
EPO/TPO family

Alternative Names

ECYT5; EP; EPO; epoetin; Erythropoietin; MGC138142; MVCD2

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
21.307 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	7q22.1
Sequence:	7; NC_000007.14 (100720468..100723700)

Tissue Specificity

Produced by kidney or liver of adult mammals and by liver of fetal or neonatal mammals.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Anemia
• Kidney Failure, Chronic
• Hypoxia
• Neoplasms
• Kidney Diseases
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Kidney Failure
• Inflammation
• Anoxia
• Ischemia
• Leukemia
• Polycythemia
• Hemorrhage

• Hypertensive Disease
• Iron Deficiency
• Tumor Angiogenesis
• Acute Erythroblastic Leukemia
• Infarction
• Erythrocytosis
• Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes

Interacting Proteins

• EPHB4
• EPOR

Pathways

• Secretion
• Cell Proliferation
• Pathogenesis
• Angiogenesis
• Neuroprotection
• Cell Death
• Cell Growth
• Response To Hypoxia
• Transport
• Response To Erythropoietin
• Regeneration
• Cell Cycle
• Localization

• Cell Differentiation
• Glomerular Filtration
• Glycosylation
• Excretion
• Immune Response
• Inflammatory Response
• Neurogenesis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Glycosylation
• Carbamylation
• Oxidation
• Cleavage
• Dephosphorylation
• Biotinylation
• Hydroxylation
• Reduction
• Ubiquitination

• Nitration
• Methylation
• Acetylation
• Deglycosylation
• Iodination
• Bromination
• Demethylation
• Ribosylation
• Geranylgeranylation
• Phosphorothioation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/EPO

Best Uses of Anti-EPO/Erythropoietin Antibody

What are the Best Uses of Anti-EPO/Erythropoietin Antibody? How can we verify this antibody and what are the applications for it? Boster has a long and rich tradition and is committed to creating the most effective products for your research. Read on for more details. This article will provide a an overview of Boster Bio and the accomplishments Boster has achieved.

Anti-EPO/Erythropoietin Antibody

The Boster Bio Anti-Erythropoietin Monoclonal Antibody reacts to the Human and Mouse erythropoietin Receptor. This monoclonal antibody was extensively tested and characterised in WB and IF. It was also confirmed sensitive in mouse IHC tests. It is compatible with Boster Bio's ELISA protocol.

This monoclonal antibody is able to bind to the recombinant version of EPO. It is a monoclonal antibody that is highly specific with high immunity. It can also be used to fight malaria. In a recent study, anti-EPO antibody treatment gave mice protection against malaria infection. This suggests that malaria may be caused by antibodies against this protein.

In this study, anti-EPO antibodies was detected in serum of semi-immune as well as control mouse strains. The serum was taken from mice with Hb below 20 g/l. It was then analyzed through immunodot. Serum levels were assessed during both recovery and infection. The anti-EPO/Erythropoietin antibody in mice was significantly higher in Balb/c than in the B6 and CBA strains. However the levels were not significant compared to the other mouse strains.

Two antigens were employed in the study: EPO recombinant mouse EPO, and Balb/c mice. The NZW strain was extremely parasitaemic (20.7 percent) in comparison to the other strains that had parasitaemia that ranged from two to two percent. The anti-Erythropoietin antibody decreased the iron level. It was found to be positively associated with levels of Hb however, it was not as strongly correlated with EPO concentrations. This is significant because it is a key diagnostic tool for the identification of anemia.

The high immunogenicity is a characteristic of therapeutic proteins recombinant that have been modified molecularly. There are a variety of factors that affect the immune response to the therapeutic proteins that are recombinant. One of these factors is the erythropoietin-recognizing B and T cells. Subcutaneous administration allows for the drug to be localized and removed from lymph nodes, and then matures into B-cells producing anti-erythropoietin antibodies.

This immunoglobulin has a low-moderate affinity for human anti-EPO/Erythropoetin antibodies. Human anti-EPO/Erythropoietin antibodies are IgG isotypes. Most T-cell-mediated immune responses begin with IgM but this isn't a viable option because the response is short-lived and the formation of antibodies is not clinically effective.

Validation

The validation of the EPO marker has many advantages. The results were consistent with the literature. The EPO marker was proven to be an accurate predictor of the survival rate of patients suffering from hepatocellular cancer. It is extremely specific and sensitive, which demonstrates a direct correlation with the outcomes of patients. The application of this procedure will assist doctors find the most effective treatment options for cancer. Here is a brief description of the procedure.

Parameters are the characteristics of products or processes which can be easily measured and grouped according to EPO. For instance, melting points of an alloy, the particle size of a powder or the performance of a material are examples of parameters. These parameters are useful in defining inventions prior the EPO and help ensure adequate scope of protection for inventors. The chemical field is a good example of this, but there is a wide range of fields that could benefit from this methodology.

This practice has not been implemented by the EPO in all technical areas simultaneously. The EPO is applying the procedure in stages in order to give time to develop and implement the new rules. If the EPO adopts this policy then it will make it available to all users, but currently, it's only available to high-tech fields. It may also have a negative effect on the chances of filing new cases.

An accurate assessment of pathologic changes is essential for preclinical studies. The most modern EPO histology labs can handle various necropsies, tissue processing, and tissue-based tests. The experts at EPO have developed validated methods to support a variety of uses. EPO's scientists are available to help with every stage of the workflow of histology, from basic research to clinical trials.

Applications

The EPO has plenty of cases pertaining to the topic parameters. These are properties that can be directly measured as characteristics of a substance or process. The parameters can be the melting point of an alloy, the particle size of the powder, or the performance. When using the EPO marker, an invention can be described in as to ensure that the protection scope is appropriate to the description it is given. This is particularly beneficial in the chemical industry where it is commonplace to make use of parameters for classification.

The EPO has made progress in implementing the "Comvik" approach to the treatment of mixed inventions. In its recent decisions the Boards of Appeal cited two decisions on the treatment of inventions that incorporate business-related methods. These decisions introduced the notion of"a "notional person" to describe these inventions. It is unclear whether this definition will apply to mixed inventions. The EPO's decision regarding simulation has the potential to be one of the most important decisions in the area of patent law.

Lee's DNA-based Instant Blood Diagnostic Kit is an example of a brand new application that utilizes EPO markers. This kit lets doctors quickly detect infectious diseases quickly. Its rapid results are also essential for countries that have limited infrastructures for medical care. While biotechnology inventions are generally considered patentable however, the same rules apply the same way to all other kinds of inventions. Biotechnology was responsible for around 4 percent of all European patent applications in 2015.

The EPO invited professional associations to discuss the changes with the legal community to ensure consistency. They also solicited feedback on the proposed language from the SACEPO Working Party on Guidelines. These amendments could alter the scope of an already existing European patent application. The EPO will then make the decision as to whether the amendment extends or restricts the subject matter of the original application. And if it does, it will decide to reject the amendment.

The EPO's Boards of Appeal made significant changes in 2017. The boards relocated to the new Haar building and issued more decisions. Board 3.5.01 increased its output when the chairman was replaced. The process was a growth in volume due to the new Board of Appeal. This will benefit both the EPO and applicants. This change was greeted with enthusiasm as a chance for efficiency and transparency.

Steven Boster's story

Steve Boster, 73, passed away on March 31 of this year. He was the spouse of Mary Pitts and was a native of Huntington, IL. Steven was the father of Donald, Sr. and David Boster. Nina Mae Hall, his wife, passed away on November 25 of 2017. His sons Jonathan, Tammy, and his grandchildren Cory and Anna are his survivors. In addition, he is survived by his sisters Kimberly and Tammy.