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- Table of Contents
4 Citations 9 Q&As
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Facts about Angiopoietin-2.
In the absence of angiogenic inducers, such as VEGF, ANGPT2-mediated loosening of cell-matrix contacts can induce endothelial cell apoptosis with consequent vascular regression. In concert with VEGF, it may facilitate endothelial cell migration and proliferation, thus serving as a permissive angiogenic signal.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | ANGPT2 |
Uniprot: | O15123 |
Entrez: | 285 |
Belongs to: |
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No superfamily |
AGPT2; ANG2; ANG-2; angiopoietin 2; Angiopoietin-2; angiopoietin-2a; angiopoietin-2B; angiopoitin 2; ANGPT2; Tie2-ligand
Mass (kDA):
56.919 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 8p23.1 |
Sequence: | 8; NC_000008.11 (6499632..6563420, complement) |
Secreted.
The Angpt2 protein is an ingenious protein that promotes tumor growth through a Tie2-dependent pathway. It is transported through HCC-derived exosomes. It also interacts with Rab5 and Rab11 and is then recycled by cells that receive it. It has many potential applications in the field of cancer. This article will outline some of the best uses for the angpt2.
The expression of ANGPT2 is elevated in mammary tumors. It isn't known what function this gene plays in the angiogenesis of tumors. It has been linked to the production IL-10 in TEMs. The expression of ANGPT2 has been linked to Treg cells. These findings suggest that ANGPT2 induces tumor angiogenesis by a Tie2-independent pathway.
ANGPT2 suppresses T-cell proliferation in TEMs and is more effective than IL-4. In coculture with monocytes it was found that AngPT2 did not hinder T cells that are CD3+. This suggests that the suppressive effect of AngPT2 is not due to an increase or decrease in monocytes' differentiation into macrophages. ANGPT2 suppressive activity in TEMs might be related to the suppressive properties of T cells.
ANGPT2 plays a crucial role in the immune response to LPS-induced acute inflammation in mice. AngPT2 reduces expression of TIE1 and the ectodomain of TIE2 is decreased during dilation of vascular. These results suggest that soluble TIE1 could be a biomarker for human blood vessel diseases. Biopharmaceuticals targeting this pathway are currently being developed. These preliminary trials will provide evidence of concept in clinical trials for the possibility of such therapies.
However despite the fact that the ANGPT2 protein promotes tumor growth but there are several limitations. This protein is found to be elevated in preclinical tumor models' vascular endothelium and is associated with the decline of co-opted blood vessels. The findings suggest that the role of ANGPT2 in metastasis may be organ specific.
ANGPT2 is a paracrine agonist that stimulates TIE clusters at junctions between EC-EC. VE-PTP also plays a part in the process of TIE activation. The exact stoichiometry of the receptor complex is not known. Additionally, ANGPT2 hinders the function of the integrin a5b1 in TIE2-independent tumours.
A variety of clinical trials of ANGPT2 inhibitors and ligands have shown the effectiveness of therapeutics. TIE2-blocking therapy might not be as effective as anti-tIE2-blocking antibodies and may affect the therapeutic VEGF pathway. AKB-9778, which has the ability to block ANG2, inhibits the activity of ANG and TIE1 and also inhibits the growth of tumors. In addition, ABTAA promotes vascular stability in murine models of sepsis.
HCC cells secrete ANGPT2 which is a novel protein that promotes angiogenesis by targeting the Angpt2 pathway. The Angpt2 pathway has been implicated in the development of HCC in both in vitro and in ex vivo studies. Antiangiogenic therapies may be improved by inhibiting the activity of ANGPT2. This study explains the significance of this protein.
We previously demonstrated that exosomal ANGPT2 of HCC cells significantly increased the capacity for angiogenesis of HUVECs. The exosomes of MHCC97H had greater levels of ANGPT2 than Hep3B cells. This suggests that ANGPT2 may be involved in different angiogenesis processes based on the type of cell.
We also found that HCC-derived exosomes have ANGPT2. By using a plasmid that expressed ANGPT2-mCherry, HUVECs were cocultured with HCC exosomes derived from cells for 48-72 hours. Immunoblotting demonstrated that ANGPT2 was present in both HCC exosomes and HUVEC exosomes. This suggests that HUVECs are able to recycle and reuse the exosomal ANGPT2 they secrete.
The angpt2 protein promotes breast cancer as well as lung cancer development via EMT. However, ANGPT2 expression was not detected in exosomes of HCCs was not seen in other types of. This suggests that the antiangiogenic properties of ANGPT2 found in HCC-derived exosomes could be a potential new therapeutic target for antiangiogenic therapy.
Numerous studies have shown that the overexpression of ANGPT2 in HCC cells can increase E-cadherin levels. However knockdown of the ANGPT2 gene in HCC cells reduces ZEB1 and E-cadherin levels. Although both approaches are promising, further studies are required to confirm these hypotheses. However, first, we must look at the effects of increase in ANGPT2 expression in HCC cells in vitro.
EVs could have multiple therapeutic uses. They could act as biomarkers for HCC. Some researchers have even suggested that they may serve as biomarkers. They could also be a source of therapeutic cargo. To determine the clinical role of EVs for HCC, further research is needed. This research is essential for further clinical research. The discovery of ANGPT2 in EVs may be a factor in the development of anti-tumor therapies.
Angpt2 is a secreted protein that plays a role in tumor angiogenesis. It blocks the phosphorylation of Tie2 as well as triggers angiogenesis inside tumor cells. It is a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Angpt2 plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and is closely linked to the prognosis for cancers in humans.
We demonstrated that ANGPT2 colocalizes with Rab5 and Rab11 within HUVECs. HCC extrasomes secreted by cells mediated the interaction. Exosomes from Angpt2-mCherry co-localized to HUVECs. In live cells, we also discovered that Angpt2-mCherry was located in the same cell with HUVECs with Rab5-EGFP tags.
Angpt2 and Rab5 work together to regulate the process of vesicle creation and regeneration. ANGPT2c and Rab5c are essential for the expression of VEGF/Notch in the zebrafish. Angpt2C as well as Rab5C are crucial for the selection of tip/talk cells, sprouting angiogenesis and zebrafish angiogenic. However the ANGpt2C gene and Rab5 are expressed in different ways in zebrafish.
This study also demonstrated that ANGPT2 regulates VEGF signals and blocks the VEGF-induced decay. Angpt2 interacts in the endosomal cavity with Rab5C and Rab11 and prevents its degrading effects through VEGF signaling. Rab5C plays an important role in angiogenesis sprouting. Rab5C stimulates endosomal VEGFR2 signaling and full transcriptional induction of the immediate VEGF-induced transcriptome.
CRISPR/Cas is a popular tool for genome engineering , which uses the RNA controlled synthetic gene editing method to control gene expression in cancer cells. Scientists can use the ANGPT2 gene as a target to identify drug targets that encourage EMT and the growth of tumors. These findings suggest an innovative therapeutic approach to treating HCC. In addition to focusing on tumor growth blocking ANGPT2 also inhibits angiogenesis and reduces EMT activation.
Postnatal vascular remodeling can be influenced by the ANGPT2 gene. In mice lacking this gene, vascular remodeling is reduced. Additionally the mice suffer from severe lymphatic dysfunction and ascites chylous. The mice lacking Angpt2 are rescued by replacing the gene with an Angpt1 protein that is functional. Similar mechanisms regulate Rab signaling duration in different situations.
HCC cells secrete exosomes ANGPT2. This study investigated whether HUVECs could recycle ANGPT2 from exosomes. The results revealed that HUVECs could recycle exosomal and ANGPT2, a indicator of the activity of ANGPT2. Exosomal ANGPT2 activated the pathways of AKT/b–catenin, eNOS and increased EMT activation in HCC cells.
Recipient cells are also able to recycle ANGPT2. HCC cells produce exosomal ANGPT2 interact with HUVECs through Rab11 and Rab5. After 12 hours of coculture sensors for kinetic signaling confirmed the presence of AGNPT2 exosomal in both cell types.
Scientists employed the CRISPR/Cas method to discover a novel therapeutic target for angiogenic treatment. This gene editing tool can activate and suppress the expression of genes and arm cells to treat cancer using cell-based therapies. AngPT2 is recycled in recipient cells and plays a role in promoting tumor growth. CRISPR/Cas system knockouts for ANGPT2 inhibits EMT activation and inhibits the growth of tumors.
In addition to inhibiting angiopoietin-mediated angiogenesis, HCC cells also secrete the miR-3682-3p, a molecule that inhibits ANGPT1 and angiogenic growth. It targets ANGPT1 to block the formation of tubes. MiR-3682-3p may regulate ANGPT1-related signaling and reduce angiogenesis.
Exosomal miR-3623-2p inhibits Angpt2 production in HUVECs and boosts levels of protein. By inhibiting the activity of ANGPT2 in HUVECs hinders VETC formation and blocks VETC-dependent metastasis of hepatoma cells. These findings could be used to develop new treatments for liver cancer. They could improve the outcomes of patients.
PMID: 9204896 by Maisonpierre P.C., et al. Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis.
PMID: 9927494 by Tanaka S., et al. Biologic significance of angiopoietin-2 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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