Alpha-synuclein Antibodies

Alpha-synuclein (SNCA)

May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau.

Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, resulting in a decreased caspase-3 activation. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SNCA
Uniprot:	P37840
Entrez:	6622

Family

Belongs to:
synuclein family

Alternative Names

alpha-Synuclein; Lewy body) 4; MGC110988; NACP; non A-beta component of AD amyloid; Non-A beta component of AD amyloid; Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor; non-A4 component of amyloid; PARK1; PARK4; SNCA; synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor); Synuclein-alpha

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
14.46 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	4q22.1
Sequence:	4; NC_000004.12 (89724099..89838324, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Cell junction, synapse. Secreted. Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons.

Diseases

• Parkinson Disease
• Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Dementia
• Lewy Body Disease
• Alzheimer's Disease
• Secondary Parkinson Disease
• Nerve Degeneration
• Atrophy
• Multiple System Atrophy
• Nervousness
• Neurofibrillary Tangles
• Movement Disorders
• Neuroblastoma

• Neurotoxicity Syndromes
• Plaque, Amyloid
• Cardiac Fibrillation
• Neuropathology Disease
• Abnormal Degeneration
• Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
• Tauopathies

Interacting Proteins

• GSK3B
• HTT
• LRRK2
• MT-CO3
• RABAC1

• SLC6A3
• Slc6a3
• SNCAIP
• STX1A
• SYN1

• TPPP
• VAMP2
• YWHAH

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Cell Death
• Transport
• Aging
• Localization
• Neuroprotection
• Autophagy
• Proteolysis
• Amyloid Fibril Formation
• Lipid Binding
• Methylation
• Dna Methylation
• Hyperphosphorylation

• Translation
• Synaptic Transmission
• Endocytosis
• Dopamine Uptake
• Secretion
• Innervation
• Neurogenesis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Ubiquitination
• Nitration
• Oxidation
• Cleavage
• Methylation
• Reduction

• Biotinylation
• Dephosphorylation
• Demethylation
• Nitrosylation
• Prenylation
• Glycosylation
• Deacetylation

Research Areas

• Alzheimers Research
• Apoptosis
• Cell Biology
• Cellular Markers
• Neurodegeneration

• Neuroscience
• Stem Cell Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SNCA

Best Uses of the SNCA Marker

If you have ever been curious about the SNCA marker, this is the place for you. This guide covers the SNCA marker in Alpha-synuclein and Presynaptic terminals. It also covers Validation and Anti-SNCA markers. Continue reading to learn even more! These are the important topics that this article focuses on:

Anti-SNCA Marker

Boster's Anti-SNCA Marker detects proteins that are expressed in synucleinopathies. Alpha-synuclein, a component of a protein called SNCA, is a component. Neurodegeneration can result from a loss-of-function in SNCA. The levels of aSyn can be partly affected by cumulative DNA damaging mutations. Future studies should investigate the effects of SNCA Knockdown on neurodegeneration to correlate the level and severity of aSyn.

Western blotting is used to detect the proteins. Blood specimens are able to express the human SNCA genes. The Rep1 element appears to not regulate SNCA expression within hematological precursor cells. This doesn't mean that it isn't possible for it to have neuro-specific effects. Researchers discovered a new biomarker for SNCA in a subsequent study by measuring the protein levels in peripheral blood.

Transgenic mice were created from a mouse psuedomRNA. This was done to determine the antiSNCA marker's sensitivity. The transgenic mice were then raised in a laboratory. The mice were reared by a transgenic method and were compared with their non-transgenic counterparts. Two mouse lines were used to test each allele. One was for the D–Rep1-deficient and one for Rep1-259. The resulting data can be compared to human SNCA mRNA.

Scientists can submit their results by using a BosterBio anti-SNCA label to submit applications or species. They can get product credits for submitting their results. This method is applicable to all scientists in the world. This marker has been proven effective and is highly reliable in the detection of SNCA in various species. This marker has numerous benefits and uses for research. This marker is now the best for detecting a particular protein in cells.

Alpha-synuclein

The SNCA marker is a versatile biomarker for detecting alpha-synuclein, which is causally involved in Parkinson's disease. It can also be induced by noroviral infections in the enteric nervous systems of children. It also protects mice against a deadly neurotropic viral infection. Furthermore, alpha-synuclein is a potent chemotactic activator of phagocytes. It is a critical mediator of immune and inflammatory responses. It is required by T cells.

Presynaptic terminals

The SNCA genes encode a protein that is both abundant in the brain and less common in other tissues. This protein is located at specialized structures called presynaptic terminals, which release chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These substances are crucial for normal brain function. SNCA is associated with synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release.

a-Synuclein is enriched in glutamatergic neurons' presynaptic terminals. This protein is responsible for preventing synaptic vesicle exocytosis from happening and stabilizing the formation of SNAREs. A-synuclein can interact with VAMP2 to play a role at membrane trafficking. Recent studies suggest that this proteins may also play a role at axonal transfer in polarized neural cells.

A-Synuclein a soluble protein with a wide range structural forms. SNCA proteins can easily accumulate and precipitate fibrin in pathological conditions, leading ultimately to the death nerve cells. Moreover, a Syn aggregation contributes in increased oxidative stress, phospholipase E2 activity and glial activation to the CNS.

The a-synuclein and v-gliadin colocalize at glutamatergic presynaptic terminals, and this association is increased by inhibiting LRRK2 kinase. LRRK2 also plays an important role in excitatory transmitting from the cortex to striatum. L-synuclein -GFP can be inhibited by LRRK2.

Validation

The Validation of the SNCA Marker provides additional insights into the role of SNCA in breast cancer prognosis. This gene is highly associated with breast cancer and other risk factors. Interestingly, this gene is positively correlated with the genes involved in the cellular signaling pathways of the SNCA. It could be used as a marker for the disease.

A PCR method was used to determine the dosage of the SNCA gene. The exons 5 and 6 were amplified together, along with an external control, parkin Exon 4. Two diploid controls were used and one patient with parkin exon 4 deletion was used as positive and negative controls, respectively. PCR products were quantified using GeneMapper 3.5 software on an ABI 3730 genetic analyzer.

Using UALCAN, expressions of SNCA were correlated with methylation status. The methylation levels of patients were also associated with their race and stage. Further studies need to confirm the results. These results suggest that SNCA methylation is a significant regulator. This gene may be controlled through epigenetic mechanisms that go far beyond DNAmethylation. It could be controlled through histone modifications.

A STR marker analysis confirmed the existence SNCA triplets and duplications in 57% of families. CNV size and STR markers were combined to show that multiplications originate in many families. It is interesting to note that the same duplication was found within a Japanese and French family. Both families share a common founder, according to an iPSC test.

Applications

Studies of SNCA have shown its physiological and pathological significance, and its usefulness as a biomarker in peripheral tissues. These studies have demonstrated that SNCA can be detected by assessing alterations in gene expression, both genetic and epigenetic, and in peripheral blood samples. These changes are related the regulation of the SNCA-protein post-transcriptional gene expression. Further research is required to assess the potential role for SNCA in alcoholism and determine the best ways of detecting it.

These findings don't support SNCA as an immunosuppressive agent, but they do suggest that it may play a key role in regulating immune cells. This could lead to a novel therapeutic strategy in LUAD. However, more biological experiments are needed in order to confirm that SNCA could be a target for immunosuppressive therapies. Its role is crucial in determining the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapies, and in detecting autoimmune-mediated diseases.

SNCA is used in many different ways. SNCA methylation in human feces could be used to diagnose colorectal cancer. Overexpression of SNCA is a known cause of tumor invasion and cell death in medulloblastoma. Multidrug-resistant ovarian carcinoma has been associated with SNCA downregulation. The hypermethylation SNCA's promoter can also be used to diagnose lymphoma. However, its biological functions are still under-researched.

SNCA is a protein which encodes an a–syn protein with approximately 140 amin acids. SNCA mRNA has alternative splicing, resulting in several distinct transcripts. SNCA112 includes 112 amino acid and is especially abundant within Lewy bodies. More research is needed to determine the role that SNCA plays in neurodegeneration.