SPAG5 Antibodies

Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5)

Required for chromosome alignment, regular timing of sister chromatid segregation, and maintenance of spindle pole structure (PubMed:17664331, PubMed:27462074). In complicated with SKAP, promotes stable microtubule-kinetochore attachments.

May contribute to the regulation of separase activity. May govern AURKA localization to mitotic spindle, but not to centrosomes and CCNB1 localization to both mitotic spindle and centrosomes (PubMed:18361916, PubMed:21402792).

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SPAG5
Uniprot:	Q96R06
Entrez:	10615

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

Astrin; DEEPEST; hMAP126; MAP126mitotic spindle coiled-coil related protein; mitotic spindle associated protein p126; Mitotic spindle-associated protein p126; sperm associated antigen 5; sperm-associated antigen 5

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
134.422 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	17q11.2
Sequence:	17; NC_000017.11 (28577574..28599025, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in testis. Detected at low levels in placenta, liver, pancreas, thymus and colon.

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole. Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore. Midbody. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Cytoplasmic granule. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriolar satellite. Colocalizes with PCM1 at centriolar satellites throughout the cell cycle (PubMed:26297806). In a punctate pattern in interphase cells. During mitosis, detected at spindle poles during prophase, throughout the spindle in metaphase and anaphase, and at midzone microtu

Diseases

• Dysplasia
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Nervousness
• Sterility
• Hypogonadism
• Neoplasms
• Testicular Dysplasia
• Hypoplasia
• Growth Arrest
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Infection By Cryptococcus Neoformans
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Liver

• Aneuploidy
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Lung
• Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute
• Misalignment
• Myeloid Leukemia
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia (aml-m2)
• Mammary Neoplasms

Interacting Proteins

• AURKA
• C1orf109
• CDC20B
• CDK5RAP2
• CEP72

• CHCHD3
• CLASP1
• DCX
• EIF4E2
• FBXO28

• GOLGA8DP
• GOLGA8F
• HAUS1
• KANSL1
• LGALS14

• LINGO1
• ORC6
• PCM1
• PIMREG
• POLR2L

• RBM41
• RPTOR
• SH2D4A
• SMARCE1
• SNAP47

• TSHZ3
• TTC23
• ZC2HC1C
• ZMAT2

Pathways

• Mitosis
• Cell Cycle
• Localization
• Cell Death
• Chromosome Segregation
• Metaphase
• Spermatogenesis
• Anaphase
• Prophase
• Spindle Assembly
• Spindle Organization
• Cell Division
• Sister Chromatid Cohesion

• Interphase
• Meiosis
• Maintenance Of Sister Chromatid Cohesion
• Telophase
• Spindle Checkpoint
• Microtubule Anchoring
• Cell Cycle Checkpoint

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

• Cleavage

Research Areas

• Cell Cycle and Replication
• Chromatin Research
• Core ESC-Like Genes
• MAP Kinase Signaling
• Stem Cell Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SPAG5

Best Uses Of The SPAG5 Marker

The Anti-Sperm-associated antigen 5 SPAG5 antibody, catalog number A07062, is available from Boster Bio. This antibody reacts well with Human. It has been tested in WB applications and is stable at -20degC for one year. The antibodies are validated on known positive and negative samples to guarantee high affinity. They are available to all scientists around the world.

SPAG5 expression in glioma

Poor prognoses are associated to SPAG5 expression among gliomimic tumours. Overexpressing CDH2 promotes invasion and migration, while knocking down SPAG5 can inhibit cell proliferation and cell migration. Both mechanisms are involved in tumorigenesis. However, it is not clear what the biological role of SPAG5 and its clinical significance are. The present study sheds new light on the molecular mechanism of SPAG5 transcription.

The expression of SPAG5 is inversely correlated with that of SCARA5 in HCC tumors. This suggests that SPAG5 could influence HCC progression through modulating SCARA5 transcription. These contradictory findings indicate that SPAG5 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis HCCs. Further research is required to unravel the mechanism by which SPAG5 expression is controlled in gliomas.

Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine whether SPAG5 expression is elevated in tumors. Briefly, RNA was extracted from cells and tissues using an enzyme buffer. These samples were centrifuged at 4degC for 30 min and Bicinchoninic acid-based protein assay kits. Then, the samples were loaded onto a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The PVDF membranes had to be incubated with anti SPAG5 and anti FOXM1 antibodies at a dilution 1:5000. These results were then analyzed by PCR.

SPAG5 expression was not only an independent prognosticator, but TNM stage also played a role. In the study, high SPAG5 expression was associated lower overall survival. However, it was not associated with higher survival in patients who had higher SPAG5 expression and late TNM stages. These findings support the hypothesis SPAG5 might play an important role in preventing glioma.

Clinical significance

SPAG5 genes are found in lung tumor cells and tissues. It is associated a poor prognosis among LUAD sufferers. SPAG5 is also involved in cell proliferation and autophagy. SPAG5 may be a potential therapeutic target. This study provides a deeper understanding of SPAG5's role in lung cancer. Its clinical significance remains to be debated.

Several studies have suggested that SPAG5 expression in cancer cells is related to poor prognosis and treatment sensitivity to chemotherapy. SPAG5 levels in cancer cells are associated with poor outcomes for breast cancer and cervical carcinoma. They also predict sensitivity of patients to paclitaxel. High levels of SPAG5 are associated with poor overall survival and disease-specific survival. Patients with high SPAG5 levels have worse prognoses that patients with low SPAG5.

SPAG5 may also act via the AKT/mTOR and Wnt/b–catenin pathways. These pathways play a critical role in cancer development. SPAG5 may also be associated with epidermal-growth factor receptor, a protein which functions upstream to AKT/mTOR. It could also serve as a predictor of OS, PPS and tumor grade. Although statistically not significant, the association between SPAG5 and EGFR was weak.

In this study, high SPAG5 levels were associated with poor prognosis as well as lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. These results, however, don't support other important clinicopathological indicator such as tumor size and TNM stage or ER/PR. These findings are clinically significant because the SPAG5 gene expression in patients with ovarian Cancer was associated to a poorer clinical outcome.

Biological role

It is still not clear what the biological function of SPAG5 markers in breast cancer. Recent studies show that SPAG5 is a potential biomarker for breast cancer and may be able to identify patients who may respond to drugs that target the YAP/TAZ pathway. This marker has also been shown to be a potential target of miR-10b-3p. This discovery has a direct effect on breast cancer treatment. It may also help us better understand the mechanisms of tumor cell growth.

The SPAG5 gene is also associated with miR-10b-3p expression, which corroborates the direct anticorrelation between SPAG5 and miR-10b-3p. These results indicate that miR-10b-3p directly regulates SPAG5 transcription and that this effect does not depend on the existence of the YAP sign. This gene plays a critical role in the development of cancer.

SPAG5 may promote autophagy in addition to its role within the tumor cell microenvironment. Autophagy is a process in which cells remove unwanted proteins and organelles from their cells. Autophagy helps maintain cellular homeostasis and responds to stress. However, it can also cause tumors. SPAG5 regulates autophagy. SPAG5 might play an important role in tumor cell growth by inhibiting mTORC1 activation.

SPAG5's high expression is a sign for malign tumour growth and could be used to diagnose LUAD. Recent studies suggest that SPAG5 expression can influence OS and FP. This means that LUAD-related tumors with SPAG5 expression can be detected more easily if SPAG5 protein is lower in these cells. SPAG5 might be useful as an indicator of the future.

Methods for detection

The quantitative expression of this marker is achieved by using the detection methods of SPAG5, also known to be miR-10b-3p. It is a direct target for miR-10b-3p, and acts as a growth regulator within breast cancer cells. SPAG5 also targets YAP.

The SPAG5 Promoter Region contains putative TEAD-binding Sites. We therefore cloned SPAG5’s promor region into a PGL3 vector and performed qRTPCR to detect TEAD interference. In addition, we used an anti-H4-Acetylate antibody to detect active chromatin on the SPAG5 promoter. Finally, we used an anti-H4-Acetylate antibody to detect active chromatin on the SPAG5 promoter.

The SPAG5, also known by SPPAG5 and spag, can be used to detect breast cancer early. It is associated with cell-cycle-enriched gene signatures and has a high expression level. It also has a correlation to the MsigDB-KEGG pathway and the E2F2/TAZ target genome signatures. SPAG5 expression could be a good indicator for breast cancer. Drugs that target these YAP/TAZ genes may also be beneficial.

SPAG5 is the most common glioma-marker currently. It is found in tumor cells and promotes glioma growth by downregulating CDH. SPAG5 can also be associated with multiple proteins, including YAP (which regulate SPAG5 expression) and TAZ (which regulate it). While SPAG5 is important for the progression of glioma, its biological role is still unknown.

SPAG5 expression can be associated with tumor cell growth but has no direct connection with autophagy. It is also not associated with podocyte destruction or injury. These findings indicate the potential of SPAG5 to improve prognosis for breast cancer patients. However, the SPAG5 marker can only be detected by a limited number of methods. Further research is needed to understand the high mortality rate associated aggressive tumors.

Applications

The present invention relates to cancer therapy and, in particular, to a biomarker that uses the expression of SPAG5 in tumour cells to assess prognosis and select appropriate treatment. The SPAG5 gene, which has been shown to be expressed in tumour cells in an abundance correlated with poor prognosis, is a candidate biomarker for breast cancer. In addition, the expression of SPAG5 in tumour cells is correlated with the aggressiveness of the cancer.

SPAG5 is a hub in the KIF2C pathway. It is highly correlated to gene expression in different pathways, including mitotic cycle regulation, DNA damage, and metastasis. This article will discuss SPAG5's role as a biomarker of breast cancer. We also discuss how SPAG5 can help predict the prognosis in patients who have received chemotherapy. We conclude that SPAG5 is an excellent biomarker for breast cancer patients and may be an additional tool in the development of better treatments.

SPAG5 can be quantitatively immunostained, but also qualitatively. To assess SPAG5's expression, immunostain cells with an antiSPAG5 antibody. SPAG5 positive or -negative cells stained with anti-SPAG5 antibody can be considered. By quantitatively measuring SPAG5 expression in tumour cells, we are able to better assess the quality of the tissue samples and determine whether there are any abnormalities.

In addition, SPAG5 is also being investigated for its ability to predict the survival of chemotherapy patients. However, SPAG5 is only a useful predictor for ER+ patients with breast cancer. It is unclear how much influence SPAG5 has on the survival of these patients. It is also not clear how the SPAG5 marker affects cancer cells' sensitivity. It has been linked to different chemotherapy regimens and cell lines.