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- Table of Contents
Facts about Spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 2.
The SKA1 complex is a direct part of the kinetochore-microtubule interface and directly associates with microtubules as oligomeric assemblies. The complex facilitates the processive movement of microspheres along a microtubule in a depolymerization-coupled manner.
Mouse | |
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Gene Name: | Ska2 |
Uniprot: | Q9CR46 |
Entrez: | 66140 |
Belongs to: |
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SKA2 family |
FAM33A; family with sequence similarity 33, member A; FLJ12758; MGC110975; spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 2; spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 2; spindle and KT (kinetochore) associated 2
Mass (kDA):
13.725 kDA
Mouse | |
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Location: | 11|11 C |
Sequence: | 11; |
This article is for anyone who has ever wondered about SKA2. This spindle kinetochore-associated protein is a marker for breast cancer. Learn more about the uses this marker has for detection of b -actin bands and migration. You'll be better equipped to make decisions about its usage. Boster Bio: The Best Uses Of the SKA2 Marker
The SKA2 gene is located on chromosome 17, which is responsible for the formation of kinetochore-complexes. SKA2 belongs to the SKA Complex and is known for its participation in spindle control point silencing. The gene has been linked also to breast cancer and could play an important role in tumor development.
Although it is not known why SKA2 is expressed on breast cancer cells, it is well-known that it plays an important role in mitosis. It has been implicated in many human malignancies. Although the role of SKA2 in tumorigenesis is still unclear, its expression in breast cancer is correlated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis.
Researchers have shown that SKA2 levels are upregulated in human breast carcinoma cells. SKA2 knockdown was shown to inhibit invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. SKA2 knockdown decreased the expression of MMPs and MMP9, two factors involved in metastasis. It also decreased the activity of EMT proteins within human breast cancer cells. These results are promising, but further research is required.
The SKA2 gene is expressed at high levels in breast cancer cells, known as MCF-7. To test the gene expression of SKA2, researchers used western blotting to detect the protein E-cadherin in both cytoplasm and nucleus. This was confirmed using immunofluorescence tests. Further research is needed in order to understand the precise mechanism of SKA2 actions.
It is unclear if SKA2 can be used as a breast tumor marker. However, studies have shown it to regulate E/N-cadherin. SKA2 is also known for its role in controlling vimentin, fibronectin, and E-cadherin expression. These findings may lead us to new treatments for breast cancer. More research is needed to confirm SKA2's role in breast cancer metastasis.
Recent studies have shown that breast cancer is frequently associated with an increase in the expression of the gene SKA2. SKA2 expression in human breast cancer cells, normal tissue and normal breast tissue were all measured in a study. As expected, SKA2 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer cells when compared with MCF-10A cells. As a result, breast cancer sensitivity to SKA2 may improve the detection of the disease.
SKA2 can influence breast cancer risk and is associated with immune cell filtration in BC. This association was most apparent in a study that examined B cells and neutrophils. It was also found to be negatively related with the infiltration by CD8 +T cells. SKA2's high expression in breast cancer may indicate immunosuppression.
Overexpression of SKA1 was associated with poor OS, while SKA2 was only associated with a poor RFS. SKA1/2/3 genetic alterations also correlate with shorter PFS or DSS. SKA1/2/3 have also been linked with cell cycle regulation and the p53 signaling pathway. These pathways are critical for DNA replication. A poor prognosis was also associated with BC cells expressing high levels of SKA1/2/3. Furthermore, SKA1/2/3 is positively associated with the expression immune checkpoint molecules.
SKA2 is a new gene that is frequently found in breast cancer tissue. It is not yet clear what role it plays in breast cancer metastasis. This gene might contribute to a breakthrough breast cancer therapy. Its function is still unknown. However, further research is needed. A study on breast cancer metastasis revealed that SKA2 could be a factor in the development of drugs against it.
The gene SKA2 is known to regulate expression of fibronectin, vimentin, and E-cadherin. It may also mediate breast cancer metastasis and invasion. Although its role in breast carcinoma is unknown, it is believed promotes tumor growth. Moreover, SKA2 inhibits the translocation of E-cadherin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
Studies have shown a positive correlation between b-actin and tumor grade. In addition, the gene's promoter is hypermethylated, a process that down-regulates the expression of various genes. In addition, b-actin is overexpressed in the inflammatory cell line KATO III, which is poorly differentiated. Cancer is characterised as inflammation.
This DNA sequence may be amplified through PCR using a template of total cDNA. To confirm that the cloned fragment had been properly cloned, it was sequenced. NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer was used to detect the plasmid and estimate its copy number. Standard curves could be prepared by using dilutions. A standard curve was used to calculate the copy number of b–actin in all samples.
Beta actin is a protein that is expressed in all eukaryotic cells and plays a critical role in cell migration and control of the G-actin pool in the cell. This protein is used as a loading control for western Blots and is stable under most experimental conditions. Beta actin might not be suitable for high amounts of actin because it can oversaturate signals.
Boster Biologicals has developed several ELISA kits to detect biomarkers in neuroscience, cancer, and development biology. They reach picogram level sensitivity. The company's immunological products are available through tebubio. This article will highlight some of these products. Boster Biologicals also offers ELISA kits.
It is known that the SKA2 gene induces anti-cancer antibodies. It is also known to be a tumor suppressor. In this study, we used bosterbio SKA2 for a marker to detect immunomodulating agents. We could identify a particular patient or a group with various diseases using this gene. SKA2 can also be used to screen patients for cancer.
PMID: 16141072 by Carninci P., et al. The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome.
PMID: 19468303 by Church D.M., et al. Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse.