Neuropilin-1 Antibodies

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1)

The membrane-bound isoform 1 is a receptor involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, in angiogenesis, in the formation of specific neuronal circuits and in organogenesis outside the nervous system. It mediates the chemorepulsant action of semaphorins.

It contrasts to semaphorin 3A, The PLGF-2 isoform of PGF, The VEGF165 isoform of VEGFA and VEGFB. Coexpression with KDR results in increased VEGF165 binding to KDR in addition to increased chemotaxis.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	NRP1
Uniprot:	O14786
Entrez:	8829

Family

Belongs to:
neuropilin family

Alternative Names

BDCA4; BDCA-4; CD304 antigen; CD304; DKFZp686A03134; DKFZp781F1414; neuropilin 1; Neuropilin1; Neuropilin-1; NRP1; NRPNP1; transmembrane receptor; Vascular endothelial cell growth factor 165 receptor; VEGF165RCD304

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
103.134 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	10p11.22
Sequence:	10; NC_000010.11 (33177491..33334905, complement)

Tissue Specificity

The expression of isoforms 1 and 2 does not seem to overlap. Isoform 1 is expressed by the blood vessels of different tissues. In the developing embryo it is found predominantly in the nervous system. In adult tissues, it is highly expressed in heart and placenta; moderately in lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas; and low in adult brain. Isoform 2 is found in liver hepatocytes, kidney distal and proximal tubules.

Subcellular Localizations

[Isoform 2]: Secreted.; Mitochondrion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cytoplasm.

Diseases

• Tumor Angiogenesis
• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Pathologic Neovascularization
• Nervousness
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Tissue Adhesions
• Carcinoma
• Tumor Progression
• Crest Syndrome
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Inflammation

• Ischemia
• Cell Invasion
• Glioma
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Hypoxia
• Prostatic Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Prostate

Interacting Proteins

• FLNA
• ITGA5
• KDR
• VEGFA

Pathways

• Angiogenesis
• Axon Guidance
• Cell Migration
• Cell Proliferation
• Localization
• Cell Adhesion
• Blood Vessel Development
• Vasculogenesis
• Regeneration
• Pathogenesis
• Chemotaxis
• Immune Response
• Tube Formation

• Secretion
• Cell Differentiation
• Endothelial Cell Migration
• Endothelial Cell Proliferation
• Endocytosis
• Rna Interference
• Cell Motility

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Glycosylation

• Acetylation
• Nitration

• Methylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/NRP1

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The NRP1 Marker

A multifunctional co-receptor, NRP1 is a possible therapeutic or diagnostic target for children with brain tumors. It increases the resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs. You've come to the right spot if you're searching for an antibody that targets the NRP1 molecule. This article will show you how Boster confirms its antibodies, ensuring high affinity and specificity.

NRP1 may be a potential target for pediatric brain tumors diagnosed or therapeutically

It is unclear what NRP1 is doing in children's brain tumors. This gene is found in many immune cells and may play a role in the immune system of tumors. The absence of PDL1 and PD-L1 in MBs suggests that they are not immunogenic. However, this does not mean that NRP1 does not play a role in tumor progression. In fact, there is a significant connection between these two genes in the tumors that have been studied.

Children with brain tumors in the pediatric age group generally have poor outcomes if NRP1 is expressed in excess. The protein is present in breast cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. While the treatments for pediatric brain tumors have improved over the past decade, the outcomes of children are not optimal. In addition to the poor prognosis, pediatric brain tumor survivors often have cognitive, emotional and endocrine problems. Modern tools are available for detecting and evaluating important signaling and genetic pathways in tumors.

NRP1 plays a vital role in cell immunity and fight against cancer. NRP1 is found in a variety of immune cells and lymphocytes, including regulatory ones. It has been demonstrated to be involved in immune responses and has been linked with various types of cancer. It is also believed to influence angiogenesis. Boster Bio has a pipeline full of drugs that target NRP1.

It's a multifunctional coreceptor

Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is an transmembrane-related protein, was originally identified as a neuronal receptor for semaphorins of class 3. Recently researchers have discovered NRP-1 may function as an inter-functional co-receptor within various cancer cells. The expression of NRP-1 negatively correlates with the stage of disease as well as prognosis. For instance, the expression of NRP-1 is strongly associated with esophageal squamous cells cancer. Specific inhibition of NRP-1 has also been shown to inhibit growth and metastasis of multiple types of cancerous cells.

It blocks TGFb activation.

Breast cancer patients found Nrp1 was co-localized with TGFb1 and was a co-receptor for TGFb. Nrp1+ cells were phosphorylated Smad1 to respond to TGF-b, whereas Smad2/3 was the same. Endoglin also plays a role in Akt the phosphorylation. When Nrp1 inhibitors were mixed with LAP-TGF, they inhibited Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that they act as a negative regulator of TGF-b signaling in ECs.

The NRP1 receptor interacts with a variety of extracellular ligands. These extracellular ligands may be important triggers of NRP1-dependent malignancy and serve as molecular targets for the reversal of drugs. For instance, while VEGF-dependent neuropilin signaling could have an important role in cancer, it is unlikely to contribute to the development of resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma that is NRP1 dependent.

NRP1 also negatively regulates the expression of p27/Kip1, which is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor. Gal-1 silencing within melanoma cells resistant to PLX cells significantly decreased the upregulation of EGFR. Gal-1 knockdown is also resisted by exogenous recombinant Gal-1.

It helps to resist anti-angiogenic agents.

Anti-angiogenic treatments, particularly those targeting tumour cells were widely hailed as a solution to resistance to drugs. These treatments targeted the growth of tumour cells, and the resulting mutations and drug-induced selection. The treatment, however, failed to achieve any notable results, including the cessation of tumor growth or an increase in survival. Anti-angiogenic agents do not work because of the resistance of tumours, whether acquired or intrinsic. The different mechanisms involved are intricate, but common themes are upregulation of other angiogenic signals, induction of hypoxia, the recruitment of bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells, and modification of vessel cooption.

VEGF production is controlled by various mechanisms including the platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) pathway. The VEGF pathway is the main angiogenesis pathway in the majority of cancers, and it also interacts with other pathways. According to Gacche and Assaraf three major mechanisms for resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs are linked with redundancy in angiogenic signals, replacement of VEGF by non-neoplastic cell stromal cells, and pericytes-driven angiogenesis. These drugs have been identified as able to block VEGF production, according to an analysis of angiogenic factors.

However, a recent study suggests that a second mechanism that increases resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs is the activation of an inhibitory protein that regulates angiogenesis. Although the mechanism behind angiogenesis being inhibited by ECs remains unclear Researchers discovered that there is a common path in tumor microenvironments that leads to higher levels of ECs and MMPs.

It inhibits PR1 antigen presentation

In the development of vaccines, it is essential to inhibit PR1 antigen present. Boster Bio's NRP1 marker inhibits PR1 antigen presentation by blocking chemokine signaling within dendritic cells. This antibody is based on results from experiments using BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. This antibody targets dendritic cells which produce antigens for T lymphocytes.

It inhibits monocyte differentiation into macrophages

Inflammation and monocyte differentiation are closely interlinked and many genes of the immune system involved in these processes. These genes include SMAD3 which encodes for an important regulator in T-cell differentiation. EWAS used whole blood samples to determine the genes ACOT7 and EPX. Gap junction protein alpha 4, and METTL were also identified. These findings have implications for the development and use of treatments to reduce inflammation.

Numerous recent advances in area of immunology have increased interest in managing the immune response in both health and in. The discovery of a distinct type of immune cells, the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) is a reflection of this development. It has been demonstrated that the immune system has the ability to modulate the response in a way that aids in fighting off infection.

Despite the resemblances between these two systems, the mechanisms used by the immune cells differ. Innate immune cells show permanent functional changes following vaccination or infection, including epigenetic reprogramming, metabolic reprogramming, and the modulation of noncoding the RNAs. Adaptive immune cells, on other hand, display a faster reactivity after reinfection and are able to sustain genome modifications that could result in an even longer-lasting effect than trained immunity.

It regulates immunity to cellular attacks.

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), transmembrane protein of type 1 that has a large extracellular region and a short tail. Its extracellular domain includes two CUB domains, an homology domain for coagulation factor V/VIII and an MAMdomain. The NRP1 protein acts as a receptor to CSPs that are placed on the surfaces of the body during complement activation.

One study showed that flow cytometry was able to detect the NRP1 protein in BW cells that were expressing C4d. The tetramer could be identified by a monoclonal antibody to C4d. To prevent NRP1's binding to these proteins the antibodies against C4d or rh C4d were utilized.

A variety of murine models have been employed to study the role played by ILCs in the immune system. Although some similarities between mice and humans have been identified, human ILCs differ in many aspects, which require further investigation. Boster Bio: The best applications of NRP1 marker for regulating the immune system of cells.