Glucocorticoid receptor Antibodies

Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1)

Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC) (PubMed:27120390). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors.

Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling (PubMed:9590696).

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	NR3C1
Uniprot:	P04150
Entrez:	2908

Family

Belongs to:
nuclear hormone receptor family

Alternative Names

GCR; glucocorticoid receptor; GR; GRGCCR; GRLNuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1; NR3C1; nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor); nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
85.659 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	5q31.3
Sequence:	5; NC_000005.10 (143277931..143435512, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed including bone, stomach, lung, liver, colon, breast, ovary, pancreas and kidney (PubMed:25847991). In the heart, detected in left and right atria, left and right ventricles, aorta, apex, intraventricular septum, and atrioventricular node as well as whole adult and fetal heart (PubMed:10902803). Isoform Beta: Widely expressed including brain, bone marrow, thymus, spleen, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, placenta and blood leukocytes (PubMed:7769088, PubMed:8621628). Isoform Alpha-2: Expressed at low level.

Subcellular Localizations

[Isoform Alpha]: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. After ligand activation, translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In the presence of NR1D1 shows a time-dependent subcellular localization, localizing to the cytoplasm at ZT8 and to the nucleus at ZT20 (By similarity). Lacks this diurnal pattern of localization in the absence of NR1D1, localizing to both nucleus and the cytoplasm at ZT8 and ZT20 (By similarity).; [Isoform Beta]: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Expressed predominantly in the nucleu

Diseases

• Depressive Disorder
• Obesity
• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Asthma
• Stress, Psychological
• Hypertensive Disease
• Leukemia
• Mental Disorders
• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Carcinoma
• Inflammation
• Dysequilibrium Syndrome

• Major Depressive Disorder
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Bipolar Disorder
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Physiological Stress
• Adenoma

Interacting Proteins

• AKT1
• Asxl1
• CAV1
• CD4
• EGFR

• HNF4A
• HSP90AA1
• KIAA0408
• LCK
• Mvp

• TMF1

Pathways

• Methylation
• Dna Methylation
• Secretion
• Pathogenesis
• Response To Stress
• Transport
• Hypersensitivity
• Translation
• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Cycle
• Cell Adhesion
• Lymphocyte Proliferation
• Lactation

• Dna Repair
• Cortisol Secretion
• Dna Amplification
• Immune Response
• Cell Cycle Arrest
• Inflammatory Response
• Insulin Secretion

PTMs

• Methylation
• Phosphorylation

• Acetylation
• Cleavage

Research Areas

• Signal Transduction

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/NR3C1

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The NR3C1 Marker

You may have read about the NR3C1 Marker and its specifications. But have you ever wondered if it is useful for your studies? If not, read on to find out the NR3C1 marker's specificities, applications, and validation. You may also be interested in Boster's product review program, which rewards scientists who review its products and provide feedback.

NR3C1 Marker

The study used DNA extracted from buccal samples of infants at two study visits, including a prenatal visit that evaluated maternal psychological health and a 1-month post-partum visit. Researchers then analyzed the data to determine whether the NR3C1 DNAm was associated with lower infant ASQ-SE scores at six months or at 18 months, and the implications for future research were discussed.

In addition to determining the presence of the NR3C1 DNAm, the study also assessed its stability. Baccal samples were found to be highly stable and methylated, which suggests a strong correlation with human brain tissue. In addition, a study by Forest et al. indicated that the methylation level of NR3C1 is related to the risk of developing psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.

Despite this correlation, there are still no large-scale human studies that have investigated the association between NR3C1 methylation and substance use risk. However, this study's findings are encouraging and suggest that salivary methylation of this gene is a useful marker to predict substance use in middle adolescence. Further studies are needed to determine whether salivary methylation levels can accurately predict future substance use in middle adolescence.

These findings suggest that the increased NR3C1 DNAm is a compensatory response to prenatal adversity or childhood trauma. Sub-groups with low DNAm may benefit from a protective environment, as the NR3C1 DNAm is associated with positive social-emotional outcomes. These results point to the importance of identifying the genetic variants that affect NR3C1 and other genes.

Specifications

The NR3C1 gene is found on many types of cells. As a result, Boster Bio has developed several markers that can detect NR3C1 protein. Boster Bio has also developed several gene infographics, which contain basic information on each gene. These gene infographics cover the entire mouse and human gene catalog. The data sheet includes a gene search bar that helps users find the gene they're looking for.

Applications

The NR3C1 gene is an important transcription factor for neural differentiation, growth, and hyperpitch. In mice, this gene is expressed in the brain and peripheral tissues, where it is involved in binding and controlling the levels of cortisol. Recent studies show that offspring of rodents with mothers who are more engaged in maternal care have higher levels of the NR3C1 gene than adult offspring of rodents with the same genotype.

A number of clinical studies have linked methylation ratios to various factors, including cry factors, infant birth weight percentile, maternal age, smoking during pregnancy, education, and educational level. However, more studies are needed to test whether methylation ratios are associated with other aspects of fetal development. Currently, there is no reliable way to analyze the methylation ratios associated with cry factors, but it's a promising start.

Moreover, this gene is closely related to neurobehavioral traits, including crying. In humans, infant cry acoustics can reflect the neurobehavioral state of the infant. This means that it is a useful marker for detecting developmental disorders and predicting the risk of future cognitive and emotional problems. Further, studies can use the NR3C1 gene to identify genetic disorders in pregnant women, including autism and schizophrenia.

Recent studies have indicated that the methylation level of NR3C1 gene is increased in infants whose mothers are depressed. Furthermore, this effect was moderated by the maternal sensitivity. Infant cortisol levels were linked to maternal depression, and the findings of the present study are consistent with these results. This marker is related to stress response systems, including maternal anxiety and premature birth. It has become a useful tool for predicting the risk of developing depression and anxiety during pregnancy.

Validation

The validation of the NR3C1 marker involved comparing the DNAm of NR3C1 across 10 CpG sites in the promotor region of the CRH gene. The association between the NR3C1 DNAm and infant social-emotional functioning was hypothesised. It was also associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. Several studies have also demonstrated that NR3C1 DNAm is associated with infants' buccal cells.

The NR3C1 gene is encoded by a polymorphism in NR3. This polymorphism has been associated with steroid sensitivity in patients with autoimmune diseases. Those with AA genotypes showed lower steroid resistance than patients with GC-insensitive myasthenia gravis. However, this association was not statistically significant. Consequently, this marker is still underutilized in evaluating NR3C1 polymorphism in humans.

The NR3C1 marker has been used in studies of children with various forms of abuse and neglect. Interestingly, the NR3C1 methylation level was higher in BPD patients than in non-abusers. After adjusting for confounding factors, this association was still significant. Further, this marker has a role in predicting depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder in children.

NR3C1 polymorphisms are implicated in GC treatment outcomes, autoimmune diseases, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. However, no studies have directly studied the role of NR3C1 polymorphisms in glomerular diseases in adults. This is why it is important to study the NR3C1 marker in such studies. It is now possible to use a DNA-based marker to identify patients with MN or IgAN and compare their rs6198 SNPs with those of healthy controls.