Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1 Antibodies

Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1 (NKX3-1)

Transcription factor, which binds preferentially the consensus sequence 5'-TAAGT[AG]-3' and can behave as a transcriptional repressor. Plays an essential role in normal prostate growth, regulating proliferation of glandular epithelium and in the creation of ducts in prostate.

Acts as a tumor suppressor controlling prostate carcinogenesis, as shown by the ability to inhibit proliferation and invasion activities of PC-3 prostate cancer cells. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	NKX3-1
Uniprot:	Q99801
Entrez:	4824

Family

Belongs to:
NK-3 homeobox family

Alternative Names

BAPX2; BAPX2homeobox protein Nkx-3.1; Homeobox protein NK-3 homolog A; NK homeobox (Drosophila), family 3, A; NK3 homeobox 1; NK3 transcription factor homolog A; NK3 transcription factor related, locus 1 (Drosophila); NK3 transcription factor related, locus 1; NKX3.1; NKX3.1NKX3; NKX3-1; NKX3A; NKX3ANK homeobox, family 3, A

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
26.35 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	8p21.2
Sequence:	8; NC_000008.11 (23678693..23682938, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in the prostate and, at a lower level, in the testis.

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus.

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Prostatic Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Prostate
• Neoplasms
• Carcinoma
• Carcinogenesis
• Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Intraepithelial Neoplasia
• Adenocarcinoma
• Hyperplasia
• Neoplasm Metastasis

• Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Haploinsufficiency
• Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm To The Lymph Node
• Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
• Neoplasms, Hormone-dependent

Interacting Proteins

• EHMT2
• TOP1

Pathways

• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Growth
• Localization
• Cell Cycle
• Epithelial Cell Proliferation
• Aging
• Cell Differentiation
• Pathogenesis
• Rna Interference
• Secretion
• Stem Cell Maintenance
• Histone Acetylation
• Chromatin Remodeling

• Mitosis
• Methylation
• Regeneration
• Cell Death
• Protein Phosphorylation
• Acute Inflammatory Response
• Cell Migration

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Acetylation

• Methylation
• Ubiquitination

• Cleavage

Research Areas

• Cancer
• Chromatin Research
• Prostate Cancer
• Transcription Factors and Regulators

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/NKX3-1

Best Uses Of The NKX3-1 Marker

NKX3-1, a pyrin-like protein, is expressed by the prostate epithelium. This protein is found in AR-positive, PR, and ER-positive tumors. Its high specificity for prostate epithelium makes this a useful adjunct to PSA staining in poorly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer. Read on for more information about the NKX3-1 Marker and its potential uses.

NKX3.1 is a pyrin-like amino acid

Boster Bio NKX3.1 comes from the sheep genomic, BCKDHA. The antibody has high affinity, has been cited over the past 25 years, and has been validated on Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Boster Bio NKX3.1, a pyrin-like molecule, is highly relevant for immune studies.

It is highly specific for prostate epithelium

A membrane-bound, prostate specific membrane antibody (PSMA), is highly targeted for the prostate epithelium. However, this antigen cannot be compared to PSA in the treatment of prostate cancer. PSMA expression can be correlated with the stage of the disease but it is not an indicator of recurrence. This article summarizes the limitations and benefits of PSA in prostate carcinoma.

TMPRSS2 appears to be a highly targeted gene for the prostate epithelium. Male sex hormones can upregulate this gene. While the role the fusion protein plays in prostate oncogenesis remains unclear, recent studies showed that prostate cancer cells can develop a loss of growth control by overexpressing the fusion protein. Adenocarcinomas are also more common in prostate cancer cells.

Although prostate cells express CXCR4, their migration is slower than that of leukocytes. Transit takes four hours for most prostate epithelial cells, while it takes four days for leukocytes. These results are comparable in quality to other cancer cells, such melanoma cell and rat ascites Hepatoma cells. It is possible that prostate epithelial may bind to other capillary cells.

AR expression is important for defining the basal and luminal phenotypes in the prostate. Initiated cells in mouse models of prostate growth could be considered tissue stem cell, but their embryonic nature means that additional stimuli are required to fully define prostate epithelium. AR expression is high among primary prostate cancers. This means that the phenotype may not be a true CSC.

It is expressed in ER/PR, and AR positive carcinomas.

We investigated the relationship between NKX3-1 expression and ER, PR and AR expression in human breast carcinoma. We also looked into the associations between NKX3-1 gene expression and tumour stage and lymph node metastases. Although preliminary data are available, our findings suggest a role of NKX3.1 for ER, PR, AR positive breast carcinoma.

We speculated that patients suffering from ER-positive breast Cancer would have a better chance of survival and prognosis if AR was high. We also found that higher AR expression was associated with smaller tumor sizes, less tumor burden, higher DRFS, and OS. We concluded that this gene may also help us select patients for hormone therapy in ER-positive breast cancer.

Study results showed that breast cancer susceptibility could be linked to a rs12539530 NRCAM intron 2 SNP. This is a neuronal-related cell adhesion molecule. This association was stronger when the SNP were present in ER positive cancers and was combined with NRCAM–ER SNPs which support their hormonal etiology. We also observed significant correlations between NRCAM-ER and recurrence, which was opposite in patients with early-stage breast cancer.

The authors found that ER-positive breast cancer was more common in women aged 50 and older than 50. The tumor grade was negatively correlated to ER, PR and AR expression. The researchers believe that these findings support a correlation between these genes and cancer. The association between NKX3-1, and cancer is still being confirmed.

NKX3-1, an oncogenic member in the NKL homeobox subclass, is a member of the NKL gene subclass. It is aberrantly expressed in a large subset of T-ALL patients and participates in a deregulated gene network. This gene is thought that it was present during the development the spleen. This gene could play a role in T-ALL or NKL-code in the hematopoiesis.

NKX3-1 is expressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers. It is most prevalent in ER-, PR-, and AR-positive carcinomas. However, NKX3-1 expression has been identified in a subset urothelial malignancies. It can distinguish between benign prostate epithelial cancer and adenocarcinoma due to its high specificity.

It may be used as an adjunct to PSA staining in poorly differentiated metastatic carcinomas

Patients with metastatic prostate cancer should be tested if elevated levels NKX3-1 are present. Although these markers are commonly elevated in gastrointestinal cancer and hepatobiliary, they may not be as common in patients with prostate cancer. In a recent report, Guthman et al. identified two types of primary prostate adenocarcinomas with selective metastatic spread. Both types of tumor cells had metastasis to regional lymphodes and were CEA+/PSA-negative.

The results of this study suggest that NKX3-1 is a useful adjunct to PSA staining in metastatic cancer. It is also a good marker for the prostate volume. PSA levels can be elevated in bacterial prostateitis and in men with benign protostatic hyperplasia. The prostate is a small gland located in the lower part of the pelvis. It helps to produce semen and sperm through ejaculation. It also surrounds a portion of the urethra, which carries urine out of the bladder and through the penis.

NKX3.1 is a prohormone that stains nuclei of prostate tumors and normal cells. This protein provides a strong, easy-to-read stain. PSAP also has a similar effect. PSAP staining may lead to misdiagnosis in prostate cancer.

Although PSA is the most common marker for prostate cancer, NKX3-1 can be helpful in cases where the diagnosis is not clear. Combining NKX3-1 + PSA may reduce false negative results and minimize the need to do further imaging. However, this study was not conclusive. We are waiting for data from a prospective research to test NKX3.1 adjunctively to PSA staining on poorly differentiated metastatic tumors.

CK+ neoplasms tend to contain CK. S100-positive tumors will likely have a high S100 CK+ expression level. NKX3-1 may also be positive if S100 is positive. Tumors that express CK might also be susceptible to melanoma-associated antibodies.