Homeobox protein NANOG Antibodies

Homeobox protein NANOG (Nanog)

Transcription regulator involved in inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferation and self-renewal (PubMed:25825768). Blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced mesoderm differentiation of ES cells by physically interacting with SMAD1 and interfering with the recruitment of coactivators to the active SMAD transcriptional complexes.

Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Binds optimally to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-TAAT[GT][GT]-3' or 5'- [CG][GA][CG]C[GC]ATTAN[GC]-3'.

Gene Information

Mouse
Gene Name:	Nanog
Uniprot:	Q80Z64
Entrez:	71950

Family

Belongs to:
Nanog homeobox family

Alternative Names

FLJ12581; FLJ40451; hNanog; homeobox protein NANOG; Homeobox transcription factor Nanog; homeobox transcription factor Nanog-delta 48; Nanog homeobox; Nanog

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
34.24 kDA

Genomic Context

Mouse
Location:	6|6 F1
Sequence:	6;

Tissue Specificity

Not expressed in oocytes and spermatogonia (at protein level). Not expressed in many somatic organs, ovary, testis, fibroblast and hematopoietic cell lines.

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Teratoma
• Carcinoma
• Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome
• Leukemia
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Embryonal Carcinoma
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Testicular Neoplasms

• Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
• Germ Cell Tumor
• Tissue Adhesions
• Neoplasms, Germ Cell And Embryonal
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Chimera Disorder

Pathways

• Methylation
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Proliferation
• Dna Methylation
• Cell Cycle
• Regeneration
• Localization
• Demethylation
• Stem Cell Differentiation
• Cell Growth
• Pathogenesis
• Fertilization
• Rna Interference

• Chromatin Remodeling
• Translation
• Senescence
• Reverse Transcription
• Cell Death
• Embryo Development
• Blastocyst Formation

PTMs

• Methylation
• Phosphorylation
• Demethylation
• Acetylation
• Cleavage
• Deacetylation
• Ubiquitination

• Reduction
• Sumoylation
• Hydroxylation
• Deamination
• Dephosphorylation
• Ribosylation
• Oxidation

• Geranylgeranylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/Nanog

Boster Bio: Best Uses of the NANOG Marker

The NANOG marker is a fluorescent protein that disrupts stem cells resistant to chemo. Scientists can submit their research for species, applications and even special samples. They may also earn product credits for the work they perform. This method is applicable to scientists worldwide. Boster Bio: Best Uses for the NANOG Marker

NANOG is a transcriptional regulator in embryonic stem cell cells

NANOG is a major regulator of pluripotency, cell differentiation, and ESCs. It interacts with Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 and creates a reciprocal regulator circuit. It regulates self-renewal, development, and differentiation of ESCs by reducing gene transcriptional noise and controlling the functions of polycomb complexes and microRNAs. Nanog also helps to preserve ESC identity by preventing the occurrence of aberrations in differentiation.

Several studies have shown that Oct4 and Nanog are found in gene regions of human ES cells. This is due to the fact that the genes that Oct4 and Nanog bind to are often expressed in combination. Both Oct4 and Nanog are vital for stem cell development. Nanog plays a crucial role in the maintenance and development of the spermatogonial cell in carp that are farmed.

Nanog, a recently discovered gene, plays a significant role in the regulation and fate of embryo cells within the cell's inner mass. Nanog hinders the differentiation of the ectoderm while maintaining its pluripotency. Nanog and TET1 interact in a fascinating way. This synergy is crucial for the effectiveness of Reprogramming. This research is a significant step towards improving our understanding of this critical gene and its role in embryonic stem cells biology.

Nanog regulates the cell cycle of ESCs and increases the speed of S phase entry. Nanog plays a crucial role in tumor growth. Nanog is also used as an indicator for diagnosing tumors. Multidrug resistance is associated with nanog and STAT3. To stop tumors from expanding, it is crucial to understand how Nanog operates. You can use Nanog to increase your understanding of this crucial gene in cancer.

Nanog is a protein composed of two parts of which are the C-terminal as well as the N halves. The N-terminal portion has a DNA binding homeodomain as well as a C-terminal domain 222. Nanog and Oct4 share the same transcription factor targets in mouse ESCs. These two proteins interact with different repression complexes, and could even affect ESC differentiation.

Nanog plays a significant role in maintaining pluripotency and establishing ESC identity. It is believed to work conjunction with other transcription factors to establish ESC identification. It is also important in promoting pluripotency of somatic genes. In NIH3T3 cells, Nanog regulates rex1, a pluripotency-associated gene.

Nanog regulates the cell cycle in ESCs. Overexpression of the gene results is accelerated entry into S-phase. In the early stages of embryonic development Nanog is controlled tightly. A Zic3 promoter is also found in ESCs, and acts as a direct nanog1 activator. It restores Nanog1 promoter activity in ESCs by direct action on the C-terminal regions of the repressor proteins Oct4 and Sox2 (which serve as downstream mediators of Nanog-regulated S-phase entry).

The role of Nanog in pluripotency-induction is poorly understood. Nanog is crucial for maintaining the state of embryonic mouse stem cells. Loss of Nanog can cause an endoderm-like parietal cell. Nanog can also be directly controlled via the BMPs to stimulate differentiation of the mouse ES cell. This could be a case of negative feedback or an indirect effect of Nanog.

It can disrupt stem cell lines resistant to chemotherapy

Researchers have identified the "bad seeds" that fuel the growth of liver cancer . They believe that their medicines can one day alter the DNA of these cells. In the meantime NANOG is a marker that disrupts chemo-resistant stem cells by rewiring metabolism in mitochondria. In a recent study they identified NANOG as a possible option to eliminate resistance to Sorafenib which is a medication used to treat liver cancer. With an estimated 24,550 Americans dying from cancer of the liver in 2015 and the number continues to rise.

NANOG is a transcription factor expressed in cancer stem cells, has many functions. NANOG regulates cell proliferation and inhibits various cell cycle proteins. It also prevents p53-mediated cell death, making CSCs more resistant to chemotherapy. It regulates the cell's migration, metastasis and many other functions. Despite its many functions, NANOG does not appear in normal cells.

CSCs are only killed by attacking specific proteins. Some candidates include transcription factors that convert somatic cells into stem cells. Interestingly, while the majority of cancers express multiple transcription factors, some express one or two. NANOG regulates various functions within the cell and is necessary for stem cells to keep their properties. Furthermore, NANOG is re-expressed in various cancers that include prostate, breast, and lung.

The AP-2a inhibitor, which is a well-known inhibitor of TMZ resistance, showed a negative correlation with Nanog in a cell-culture model of glioma tumors. It also increased expression a marker for differentiation known as GFAP within glioma cells. In addition, Nanog decreased the expression of MGMT, a key marker of stem cells.

Researchers discovered a connection between Nanog and AP-2a expression using Luciferase reporter tests. The results of immunofluorescence analysis further confirmed the association. In U251 cells that express AP-2a the Nanog expression decreased. ImageJ software was used to analyze the results. Boster Bio now has a new treatment option for stem cells.

The company's NANOG gene that has been demonstrated to target liver CSCs that inhibit IL-6-mediated transcription of STAT3 and phosphorylation of AP-2a, is a promising therapy for chemo-resistant refractory tumors. It is available in human and mouse versions. These tests will be the first to prove the effectiveness of the drug in clinical trials.

It is a protein that has a fluorescent color.

The NANOG Marker, a fluorescent polypeptide, is expressed by differentiated cells. It is most commonly expressed in the trophectoderm and endoderm. After transfection, NANOG expression in human ES cells was reduced by 4 days. NANOG's downregulation did not impact SOX2 or REX1 which are essential for the development of the placenta in bovine embryos. NANOG expression was associated with the expression of early and late trophectodermal marker, which includes markers of endoderm differentiation.

The HA binding to the CD44 receptor enhances the connection between NANOG and STAT3, which activates genes that are involved in cell cycle and the process of apoptosis. These genes are associated to self-renewal and apoptosis in cancer cells. NANOG is a key marker to diagnose these diseases. The treatment won't be effective if the test is incapable of correctly identifying.

We used four embryos of human beings at different stages of development for the research. To detect NANOG we stained the embryos with secondary antibodies. We used only four embryos per developmental stage due to the small amount of human material. To determine whether NANOG was present in the four oocytes, the researchers examined the oocytes. The oocytes were classified as negative if NANOG expression was not evident in any of the four samples.

To study the interaction between Nanog and Sox2 We examined a variety of modifications to Sox2. We discovered an amino acid mutation in the C-terminus of Sox2 that reduced the undifferentiated ES colony size by 50 percent. Nanog-related mutations play a similar function within ES cell biology. Sox2 is closely associated with Nanog. Nanog is essential to embryonic development. However, both genes must be in the ES cell nucleus in order to differentiate it properly.

By inhibiting the NANOG protein results in stimulation of AFP and GATA6, two proteins that are connected to the cell cycle. NANOG siRNA downregulation dramatically reduces cell development and differentiation in human ES-cells. To further examine this, we used the same siRNA to transfect ES cells with a GFP gene or GFP siRNA. Similar to that, GFP siRNA downregulation increased AFP expression in human ES cells, while GFP siRNA did not.

Although the biochemical analysis of the interactions between Sox2 and Oct4 in pluripotent cells is not fully understood but it is clear that Nanog is a key player in regulating these two genes. Lam et al. (2012) found that Nanog interacts through its serine-rich region with Sox2. The study also found that Nanog negatively regulates Sox2 while its negative effects on Oct4 were not as significant.

Nanog expression can still be studied using knock-in reporter. These reporter methods replace one allele of a gene with a fluorescent protein. The reporter genes are usually antibiotic selection cassettes. These techniques are referred to as "heterozygous Loss-of-Function reporter".