MAPK11 Antibodies

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11)

Serine/threonine kinase which functions as an important part of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK11 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors.

Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a wide assortment of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. MAPK11 functions are mostly redundant with those of MAPK14.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	MAPK11
Uniprot:	Q15759
Entrez:	5600

Family

Belongs to:
protein kinase superfamily

Alternative Names

EC 2.7.11; EC 2.7.11.24; MAP kinase 11; MAP kinase p38 beta; MAPK 11; MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11; Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 beta; mitogen-activated protein kinase p38-2; MPK11; p38 beta; p38b; p38beta; P38BETA2; PRKM11; SAPK2B; SAPK2p38-2P38B; Stress-activated protein kinase 2; stress-activated protein kinase-2; stress-activated protein kinase-2b

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
41.357 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	22q13.33
Sequence:	22; NC_000022.11 (50263713..50270380, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Highest levels in the brain and heart. Also expressed in the placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Diseases

• Arthritis
• Inflammation
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Tumor Progression
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Dementia
• Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Lung
• Intestinal Diseases
• Carcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms

• Myeloid Leukemia
• Encephalitis
• Globus Hystericus
• Placenta Disorders
• Arthritis, Infectious
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

Interacting Proteins

• MAPKAPK3
• TP53
• ZNHIT1

Pathways

• Secretion
• Cytokine Production
• Immune Response
• Rna Interference
• Regeneration
• Sensitization

• Pathogenesis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

Research Areas

• Breast Cancer
• Cancer
• Protein Kinase

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/MAPK11

Boster Bio Anti-MAPK11 Marker

Boster Bio Anti-MAPK11 Antibody (catalog No. A03738) has been shown to have high affinity in ICC/WB, Immunofluorescence/IHC. This antibody is ideal to study MAPK11 in various cell types and tissues. It can also be purchased in other catalogs or online stores. This article will discuss its main function as well as the best uses of MAPK11 Antibody.

mHTT

The mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) protein is a central molecule of HD. It is easily detectable in blood, CSF and saliva. With disease burden scores, mHTT levels in HD gene-carriers' peripheral immune cells are linked to high levels of mHTT. This molecule may be involved in Huntington’s disease's pathogenesis.

To understand the potential therapeutic utility of mHTT, its expression levels should be measured in cancer tissue and normal tissues. There are three major areas for DNAmethylation. The CpG region, the promoter binding and the promoter island regions. A positive correlation was observed between methylation of region one and the normal gene expression paradigm. Conversely, probes located in the CpG second island showed a negative correlation.

mHTT is controlled by HIPK3.

HD is highly dependent on HIPK3. HIPK3 controls mHTTT and is therefore a relevant protein. It is involved the synthesis, cytotoxicity and regulation of mHTT. Inhibiting its activity could be a viable treatment strategy. HIPK3 and MAPK11 are both important regulators of mHTT and their inhibitors may have therapeutic value. mHTT also increases the activity and may play a part in the progression of the condition.

We also discovered that circHIPK3 regulates miR-221-3p and the PI3K/AKT genes. We also found that overexpression of miR-221-3p inhibited the protective effects of circHIPK3 on HLEC functions. This discovery led to a new therapeutic target for ARC, and new insights into the disease's pathogenesis.

MAPK11 regulates mHTT via RNA binding protein

Huntington’s disease (HD), has been treated with a novel therapeutic approach. The MAPK11-mHTT receptor regulates levels of mutant HTT which is a cytotoxic protein that plays a role in the disease's progression. MAPK11 regulates mutant HTT levels and HIPK3 may inhibit it. This could have therapeutic value.

It is unclear whether or not MAPK11 and mHTT signaling pathways are interrelated. The discovery of these proteins in the context mHTT regulation suggests however that cytokines are key players in this process. RNA binding proteins are also important regulators in mRNA stability. RNA-binding protein interact with mRNA to regulate the stability and decay.

In cancer and chronic inflammation, the post-transcriptional regulation of genes with RNAbinding protein genes is vital. MAPKAP kinases including MK2 regulate mHTT transcription and inflammatory cytokines. Turner M and Hodson DJ are other regulators mHTT. The multifunctional regulator that regulates lymphocyte development and function is the receptor for mHTT.

In addition to MAPK11, other proteins that control mHTT activity include KSRP and TIS11b. mRNA containing AREs can be bound by the p38MAPK/MK2 signalsing pathway. Rapid degradation is possible with ARE-containing DNA. This occurs when a particular protein or kinase interacts with multiple ARE binding proteins.

In HD, MAPK11 and Hipk3 are involved in regulating Htt levels. The inhibition of mHTTP signaling by HIPK3 eliminates the effects of AST487 on HD. It also inhibits HD-cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, HD is controlled by p38MAPK. Therefore, the inhibition of mHTTT via RNA binding protein (RBP) signaling inhibits the growth of bladder cancer cells.

MAPK11, a serine/threonine kinase and a member the MAP kinase sign transduction pathway, is a serine/threonine kinase. It is one p38 MAPK that plays an important part in cellular responses. MAPKs phosphorylate numerous proteins via phosphorylation. MAPK11 is implicated with stability and translations of tumor necrosis mRNA in cancer cells.

HIPK3 regulates mHTT via miRNA

HIPK3 a ion channel that controls mHTT mRNA amounts through its interaction to HuR. HTT acts on a regulatory protein called a tyrosine kinase kinase. Mutant HTT mRNA is unstable, and mHTT knockdown or overexpression of HuR destabilizes the protein.

Lung cancer is the leading cause worldwide of cancer-related deaths. Nearly 85 of these cancers, which are non-small cells lung cancers, are nonsmall cell. Advanced NSCLC patients could have a better chance of survival with a treatment that has a projected 5-year survival ratio of 15.9%. Chen et.al. Chen et.al. demonstrated that the ratio cirHIPK3/linear HIPK3 could be used for patients with advanced NSCLC.

In addition to interacting with mHTT mRNA, HIPK3 is involved in many other important cellular processes. During development, the essential mHTT is important and plays a critical part in various cellular process. HuR may also regulate wild-type HTT, which could play a role in key biological functions. HIPK3 regulates many other aspects of mHTT via the miRNA.

These findings suggest the possibility that the mHTT–MAPK11–HuR pathway may act as a positive feedback loop to accelerate mHTT accumulation. HD may be accelerated by mHTT accumulation. These studies are however preliminary. Clearly, this research is necessary for further study. It remains unclear whether or not the mHTT-MAPK3-HuR pathway is necessary for the treatment of HD.