Leptin receptor Antibodies

Leptin receptor (LEPR)

On ligand binding, mediates LEP central and peripheral effects through the activation of different signaling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK cascade/FOS. In the hypothalamus, LEP acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by causing anorexinogenic variables and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones (By similarity) (PubMed:9537324).

From the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic and affects innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed:25060689, PubMed:12504075, PubMed:8805376). Control of energy homeostasis and melanocortin production (stimulation of POMC and complete repression of AgRP transcription) is mediated by STAT3 signaling, whereas different signals regulate NPY and the control of fertility, growth and glucose homeostasis.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	LEPR
Uniprot:	P48357
Entrez:	3953

Family

Belongs to:
type I cytokine receptor family

Alternative Names

B219; CD295 antigen; CD295; DB; DKFZp686B1731; huB219; LEPR; LEP-R; Leptin R; leptin receptor; LeptinR; OB R; OB receptor; OB-R; OBRCD295

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
132.494 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	1p31.3
Sequence:	1; NC_000001.11 (65420652..65641559)

Tissue Specificity

Isoform A is expressed in fetal liver and in hematopoietic tissues and choroid plexus. In adults highest expression in heart, liver, small intestine, prostate and ovary. Low level in lung and kidney. Isoform B is highly expressed in hypothalamus, but also in skeletal muscle. Detected in fundic and antral epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa (PubMed:19159218). Isoform B and isoform A are expressed by NK cells (at protein level) (PubMed:12504075).

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Basolateral cell membrane.; [Isoform E]: Secreted.

Diseases

• Obesity
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus, Non-insulin-dependent
• Insulin Resistance
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Inflammation
• Hyperglycemia
• Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
• Metabolic Syndrome X
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Insulin Sensitivity

• Mammary Neoplasms
• Hyperphagia
• Impaired Glucose Tolerance
• Dysequilibrium Syndrome
• Hypertensive Disease
• Metabolic Diseases

Interacting Proteins

• GRB2
• HCRTR1
• LEPROT
• UBC

Pathways

• Energy Homeostasis
• Secretion
• Pathogenesis
• Wound Healing
• Glucose Homeostasis
• Insulin Secretion
• Angiogenesis
• Transport
• Vasodilation
• Cell Proliferation
• Excretion
• Aging
• Cell Growth

• Gluconeogenesis
• Embryo Development
• Lactation
• Oocyte Maturation
• Fertilization
• Menarche
• Regulation Of Energy Homeostasis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Oxidation
• Cleavage
• Acetylation
• Methylation

• Reduction
• Hydroxylation
• Glycosylation
• Dephosphorylation
• Ribosylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LEPR

Best Uses Of The LEPR Marker By Boster Bio

DNA-based leprosy markers have been used for diagnostics. They contain repetitive sequences that increase the sensitivity of the test. The problem with homologous repetitive sequences is that they are also present in other Mycobacterium species and could result in false positives. Single gene markers are the best choice for leprosy diagnostics because they are highly specific and can be used in real-time PCR tests.

Anti-Cytochrome C/CYCS Antibody

Boster Bio has validated this Cytochrome C/CYCS Antibody in several platforms. It is capable of detecting the 14kD protein. However, it does not recognize the native protein. It was purified using affinity chromatography and has a specific epitope that maps to amino acids 93-104 of the horse Cytochrome. This is an excellent antibody for many applications.

PCR-SSCP

The LEPR marker has several potential uses. Most notably, it is a versatile tool that can be used to measure gene expression levels in a number of biological tissues. The gene is a component of the immune system, and its expression is correlated with a number of genetic characteristics. However, few studies have directly linked the LEPR marker to specific phenotypes. This requires further research.

DNA microarray

The Boster Bio DNA microarray employs the LEPR marker to label cell types in bone marrow. This marker identifies the cells that express the LEPR gene. LEPR is a gene that is associated with bone formation. The sample consists of cells from the same tissue type or different tissues. The resulting results can be used to determine if one or more tissues has different genetic makeups.

The data from the LEPR gene expression microarray show differential expression in the two control groups. The top 50 differentially expressed genes were identified by clustering scRNA-seq reads on the corresponding chromosomes. The fold change in the control group was 1.2x. The fold change in the 5-FU-treated group was 0.001. A trend line was calculated by using a linear model and Bonferroni correction.

A recent meta-analysis showed that PCA based on MSC signature genes is more accurate in separating cell subtypes. This method explains 91.9% of the variance in the data, allowing the distinct stromal cell samples to be easily separated. In contrast, fibroblast samples cluster and become separated from tissue-MSC samples. This finding was previously impossible with whole transcriptome analyses.

Salivary anti-LAM slgA

The best uses of salivary anti-LAM soluble IgA are currently unknown, but these antibodies have been reported in the clinical setting to help in the diagnosis of leprosy. They are highly correlated with the Mitsuda test, which is not available in every country. This is an important finding since sIgA positivity is a sign of a natural resistance to leprosy. Salivary anti-LAM sIgA is a good substitute for this test because of its high correlation with Mitsuda test results. Additionally, it is easy to collect saliva samples, making it a perfect tool for clinical use.

The anti-LAM sIgA is associated with a positive Mitsuda test, and the positive results may represent cellular immunity. Salivary anti-LAM slgA is used as a diagnostic tool to monitor the response to MDT, in addition to being a marker of infection. It may also be useful for disease prevention, predicting reactional episodes, and assessing cellular immunity.

PCR-SSCP/sequencing

Single strand conformation polymorphism, or SSCP, is a simple and reliable technique for mutation identification. It detects changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene by comparing the electrophoretic mobility of a DNA fragment. This technique is effective in identifying mutations and genetic diseases and is useful for population screening. This protocol is also widely used for the identification of other genetic markers.

PCR-SSCP/sequencting of the LEPR gene uses a primer set developed by Lyons et al. 1997. The primers used were designed to amplify different genes. The primer pair LEPR/IL8RB was designed on the basis of mouse and human sequence alignments. The forward primers were fluorescently labeled with 5'-Cy5 in order to detect PCR fragments with the ALF Express instrument.

After mapping the genome sequences with a primer set, oligonucleotide-based PCR-SSCP/sequencing of the LEPR gene was performed. The human LEPR gene maps to Chr 1p32. The porcine LEPR gene maps to Chr 4 and 5. PCR-SSCP/sequencing of the LEPR marker generates an array of overlapping DNA fragments.

Previously, a study sequenced the entire ovine LEPR gene and identified two SNPs in exon 2 and one SNP in exon 10 and fourteen. This genotype was significantly associated with feed intake during gestation and residual feed intake during lactation. The technique was successful in identifying two variants associated with the SFA and polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Sequencing was performed using the ABI 3730 XL genetic analyzer. The SSCP product is resolved by multiple factors in the amplification reaction. For each fragment, a denaturing solution of 95% formamide, 10 mM NaOH, and 0.15% bromophenol blue was used as a loading dye. The gels were silver stained and dried on cellophane.