KRT20 Antibodies

Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20 (KRT20)

Plays a significant role in maintaining keratin filament organization in intestinal epithelia. When phosphorylated, plays a role in the secretion of mucin from the gut (By similarity).

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	KRT20
Uniprot:	P35900
Entrez:	54474

Family

Belongs to:
intermediate filament family

Alternative Names

CD20; CK20; CK-20; cytokeratin-20; K20cytokeratin 20; keratin 20; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20; keratin-20; KRT21; MGC35423; Protein IT

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
48.487 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	17q21.2
Sequence:	17; NC_000017.11 (40875889..40885242, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed predominantly in the intestinal epithelium. Expressed in luminal cells of colonic mucosa. Also expressed in the Merkel cells of keratinized oral mucosa; specifically at the tips of some rete ridges of the gingival mucosa, in the basal layer of the palatal mucosa and in the taste buds of lingual mucosa.

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm.

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Carcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Adenocarcinoma
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Colorectal Neoplasms
• Colorectal Cancer
• Bladder Neoplasm
• Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Lymphatic Metastasis
• Lung Neoplasms
• Skin Neoplasms

• Ovarian Neoplasm
• Colonic Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Urinary Bladder
• Merkel Cell Carcinoma
• Metaplasia
• Stomach Neoplasms
• Malignant Tumor Of Colon

Interacting Proteins

• C9orf16
• KRT15
• KRT40
• KRT80
• KRTAP10-7

• KRTAP10-8
• KRTAP10-9
• NOTCH2NL
• NUP62
• PIK3R2

• TFIP11
• TXLNA
• USHBP1
• VIM

Pathways

• Reverse Transcription
• Cell Differentiation
• Localization
• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Adhesion
• Pathogenesis
• Innervation
• Mismatch Repair
• Transdifferentiation
• Regeneration
• Mrna Transcription
• Detection Of Tumor Cell

• Epithelial Cell Differentiation
• Cell Development
• Dedifferentiation
• Secretion
• Hyperphosphorylation
• Catagen
• Cell Migration

PTMs

• Methylation

• Phosphorylation

Research Areas

• Cell Biology
• Cellular Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/KRT20

Best Uses of the KRT20 Marker

The KRT20 marker is an excellent option when it comes to cancer markers. This cytoskeletal type I is widely recognized as an excellent indicator for pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and can help in the differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. There are some applications of this marker that you must be aware. Below are a few.

KRT20 is a type one cytoskeletal 20

The results of molecular studies have shown that the expression of KRT20, a type I cytoskeletal 20 marker is associated with a poor prognosis for colorectal cancer. The mechanism that drives the up-regulation of KRT20 in cancer cells remains largely unknown. Despite its importance the expression of KRT20 in cancer cells has been linked to a range of clinical outcomes.

During the process of embryogenesis the protein is expressed in the digestive tract. In-situ hybridization studies revealed the expression of KRT20 at 20 days gestation, and two days before the birth. KRT20 expression has been detected in all epithelium cells even those that are not differentiated. Furthermore, KRT20 is highly similar to the expression of KRT8 (148060).

KRT20 was also linked to the mechanism of tumorigenesis. PLAC8 expression has been found in CRC as well as GI cancers. Although this relationship is not evident, it is possible with KRT20 to determine the genes involved in CRC tumorigenesis and improve treatments options. However, further research is needed to determine the role of KRT20 in predicting prognosis in patients with CRC.

It is an indication of colorectal or pancreatic cancer.

KRT20 expression is associated with the degree of differentiation in GI cancers. The study revealed a significant association between KRT20, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. This was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and CRC cell lines. CRC patients who were poorly differentiated also showed higher PLAC8 expression. These genes are crucial in the development of tumors and cell differentiation, according to the researchers.

CK20 is an intermediate filament protein with a limited expression range in humans. In cancer cells, it's typically used as a biomarker in order to identify and detect metastatic cancer cells. It is commonly used to diagnose colorectal and pancreatic cancer, although its presence in normal pancreas cells is not understood. Researchers discovered the protein in distant metastases using tissue from colon and human pancreatic cancers.

The study involved 20 patients suffering from metastatic colon carcinoma. Twenty patients were diagnosed with superficially-serrated tumors which are mixed adenomatous tumors as well as serrated polyps. Nine males and 11 women were examined. 18 were located in the sigmoid colon and rectum. The cells were immunohistochemically stained for CK20 and Ki-67.

Cdx2 immunohistochemistry can be used to identify metastatic cancers. It can be used to determine if the tumor originated in the pancreas. The number of non-neuroendocrine tumors is a significant factor in the Cdx2 staining pattern observed in pancreatic cancerous tissues. In addition, a large percentage of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer are positive for Cdx2 staining.

The cellular staining reveals Cdx2 in pancreatic tissue microarrays. Figure 1: Colonocytes and intestinal epithelium strongly stained for Cdx2. The nuclear staining could not be visible in the acinar or islet epithelium. Therefore, it is crucial to differentiate between colorectal and pancreatic cancers when measuring KRT20.

Cdx2 is a mutation that is found in the DNA repetitive gene sequence. Therefore it is unlikely Cdx2 will be chosen as a tumor suppressor in the MI which would result in the phenotype of a DNA mutator. However, this isn't conclusive. The IEC-6 cell line was derived from human colon cancers. The researchers found that they grew as undifferentiated tumors when they were injected into mice without any nuclei.

It is a marker for intestinal epithelium differentiation

The epithelium in the intestinal tract is divided into two types of mucosa as well as the crypt. KRT20 is a marker of intestinal epithelium differentiation. Contrary to other markers for intestinal function, KRT20 expression is very low in the crypt. It is found in the crypt's top and increases as it goes higher up the crypt. Its expression correlates with the levels of CDX1, a known regulator of the gene.

The genes for CDX1 (and KRT20) are expressed in the crypt cells. CDX1 expression grows from the bottom up. CDX1 and KRT20 mutually interact. The gene CDX1 encodes for cryptlining cells, while CDX2 is expressed in the cytoplasm. It isn't known whether KRT20 is a signpost for intestinal epithelium growth within the crypt cells.

To determine if CDX1 regulates KRT20 promoter activity in intestinal cell lines, we performed the ChIP assay to identify CDX1 binding sites. We cloned five deletions that overlapped from the KRT20 promoter fragment to an expression gene vector pGL3. These fragments were transfected into three CRC cell lines, and cotransfected with fragments A or B using CDX1 cDNA.

The higher levels of KRT20 could not be explained by an increase in other markers. However it was observed that the level of PHGR1 was also lower in cells with high levels of. To determine if the marker causing cancer, it is crucial that intestinal epithelium differentiation is recognized prior to performing an examination. KRT20 is linked with a variety of cancers, is a helpful marker to detect gastrointestinal metaplasia.

The CDX1 binding site of KRT20 can be targeted to lower the expression of the gene. Mutations that occur in the CDX binding site of KRT20 decrease the activity of the promoter and decrease the amount of KRT20 luciferase activity. These findings confirm the growing evidence that CDX1 binding sites are crucial for the optimal expression of the intestinal epithelium.

It is crucial to remember that PHGR1 is located between the cytoplasm and nucleus. It is more abundant in nucleus as it differentiates than in the cytoplasm. The PHGR1 protein is mostly found in tumors with lower differentiation levels. It is present in goblets that produce mucus and absorptive intestinal cells, but is lower in mature goblet cells.