G4 Antibodies

Uncharacterized protein C6orf47 homolog (G4)

Gene Information

Rat
Gene Name:	G4
Uniprot:	Q6MG51
Entrez:	406868

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

Uncharacterized protein C6orf47 homolog

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
31.825 kDA

Genomic Context

Rat
Location:	20p12
Sequence:	20;

PTMs

• Phosphoprotein

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/G4

Best Uses Of The G4 Marker In Biology

The G4 Marker (a key component of DNA) is found within living human cells. These molecules help in transcription of genes, but they also dissipate very quickly. They can also easily be seen with microscopes. These are some of the most important uses of the G4 marker in biology. Learn more about the functions of the G4 marker and how it is detected by living cells. Hopefully, this article will help you learn more about this vital marker.

To facilitate transcription, G4s are formed in DNA

Several studies have shown that certain TFs are recruited to DNA through i-motifs and R-loops. These G-rich sites are important for the binding of specific TFs. These details require further structural studies. This study demonstrates how important G4 secondary structures are in transcription. Hence, these sites are important for a range of TFs, including TFs containing G4 motifs.

Several methods have been developed to map endogenous G4 structures, including permanganate footprinting, G4 ChIP-seq, and immunofluorescence with antibodies against G4s. These methods have shown that G4s bind with the promoter regions in human epidermal Keratinocytes, which mark the active transcription for certain genes. G4s could also contribute to hypomethylation of CpG island promoter regions, which may result in increased gene expression. Further research is needed to understand these mechanisms.

In addition to the proteins mentioned above, five proteins are also classified as single-stranded-DNA-recognizing proteins. Although these proteins are not conventional transcription factors, they are clearly important in transcriptional regulation. These proteins are not known to bind DNA directly. However, their interactions in the G4s with DNA make them essential for transcriptional regulation. Moreover, some of these proteins are recruited to chromatin via DNA G4 structures.

PhenDC3 is known to cause replication stalling, which is the most common effect in replication experiments. The G4-containing DNA strand takes around 15 minutes to replicate and is at the same intensity level as the non G4-containing DNA. PhenDC3, on the contrary, increases the formation of nascent Strand Clusters. This suggests that G4s stalling is not permanent.

A series biophysical interactions of G4s in DNA were conducted. One of these studies showed that NRF1 was highly enriched in endogenous G4s within K562 chromatin but did not contain the Grich double-strand consensus motif. Recombinant NRF1 showed strong binding to fold-out G4 Myc structures, but less affinity to ssMyc*.

G4-protein interactions not only regulate transcription but also regulate DNA methylation through sequestering DNMT1 proteins. DNA methylation may also have an effect on CTCF binding, and possibly influence its topology. CpG methylation at hTERT gene promoter can also be associated with the formation and displacement of CTCF. This results in elevated transcription. These interactions suggest that G4s can be crucial in the recruitment telomerase.

They quickly disappear

A fluorescent probe is used by researchers to visualize single G4s. The fluorescent probe is useful for studies of cell biology and physiology. Researchers can determine which G4 is in cells and its function. Researchers can target G4 to reduce cancer risk. Below are some examples of the best uses of this marker. Read on to learn more about these uses. For helpful tips, see the following.

While DNA G-quadruplexes may be recognized in living cells using high-level chemicals probes, they are not visible in living cells. Fluorescent markers attached DNA G-quadruplexes within living cells allow scientists see the formation of these structures as well as their role in cellular process. If the G4 marker is found in a cell's nucleus it could help scientists identify proteins that are involved in cell function.

They can attach to G4 markers

The Boster Bio antibody to the G4 marker can be used to identify cells with a variety of diseases, from cancer to Alzheimer's disease. The antibodies have high affinity and specificity, and are validated on various platforms. Boster gives product credits to first reviewers of products. It also recognizes scientists from around the globe who review their products and share their findings. Scientists can now access new tools to aid their research.

They can be detected by living cells.

Boster bio G4 antibodies are used to detect CD133 proteins in the bone and gastrointestinal tracts, liver, endocrine, and endocrine systems. This antibody can also compete with the commercial CD133. CD22 recognizes the GNS protein and is a commonly expressed marker for cancer stem cell growth. These tests have enabled scientists to diagnose multiple diseases including multiple sclerosis using the results.