Desmin Antibodies

Desmin (DES)

Muscle-specific type III intermediate filament essential for proper muscle building and function. Plays a vital role in maintaining the structure of sarcomeres, inter-connecting the Z-disks and forming the myofibrils, linking them not only to the sarcolemmal cytoskeleton, but in addition into the nucleus and mitochondria, thus providing strength for the muscle fiber during action (PubMed:25358400).

In adult striated muscle they form a fibrous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane in the periphery of the Z-line structures (PubMed:24200904, PubMed:25394388, PubMed:26724190). May act as a sarcomeric microtubule-anchoring protein: specifically associates with detyrosinated tubulin-alpha chains, leading to buckled microtubules and mechanical resistance to contraction.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	DES
Uniprot:	P17661
Entrez:	1674

Family

Belongs to:
intermediate filament family

Alternative Names

CMD1I; CMD1IFLJ41013; CSM1; CSM2; DES; Desmin; FLJ12025; FLJ39719; FLJ41793; intermediate filament protein

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
53.536 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	2q35
Sequence:	2; NC_000002.12 (219418377..219426734)

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line. Cytoplasm. Cell membrane, sarcolemma. Nucleus. Localizes in the intercalated disks which occur at the Z line of cardiomyocytes (PubMed:24200904, PubMed:26724190). Localizes in the nucleus exclusively in differentiating cardiac progenitor cells and premature cardiomyocytes (By similarity).

Diseases

• Peste Des Petits Ruminants Infection
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Rinderpest
• Infective Disorder
• Goat Diseases
• Lymphoma
• Carcinoma
• Sheep Diseases
• Virus Diseases
• Inflammation
• Hiv Infections
• Pain

• Animal Diseases
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Communicable Diseases
• Foot-and-mouth Disease
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Depressive Disorder

Interacting Proteins

• DUX1
• DUX4
• DUX4L9
• DYSF
• EHHADH

• GFAP
• MLH1
• MTM1
• NEFL
• PPP1R18

• PRPH
• VIM

Pathways

• Secretion
• Complement Activation
• Transport
• Pathogenesis
• Translation
• Cell Proliferation
• Localization
• Chemotaxis
• Excretion
• Immune Response
• Cell Growth
• Proteolysis
• Aging

• Reverse Transcription
• Ovulation
• Coagulation
• Regeneration
• Lactation
• Inflammatory Response
• Neutrophil Chemotaxis

PTMs

• Cleavage
• Phosphorylation
• Glycosylation
• Reduction
• Nitration
• Oxidation
• Iodination
• Methylation
• Acylation
• Biotinylation

• Hydroxylation
• Decarboxylation
• Deglycosylation
• Carboxylation
• Amidation
• Acetylation
• Phosphorothioation
• Deamination
• Citrullination
• Bromination

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/DES

Discovering the Best Uses of the DES Marker

Boster Bio Boster Bio is focused on Steven Boster, the anti-CD31/PECAM-1 monoclonal anti CD31 antibody developer and his background. It also outlines the most commonly used Endothelial cell markers and explains the use of this marker for research. Boster Bio: Finding the most effective uses of the DES Marker

Steven Boster's story

When he founded his company, Steven Boster was one of the most innovative scientists in the field of immunology. His business, which he called "he who transforms science into a lavatory" quickly became one of the largest catalogs of global antibodies. PicoKine(tm) is a unique ELISA platform, was developed by the founder. It utilizes trade secrets to create high-sensitivity ELISA kit designs.

Steven Boster's anti CD31 PECAM-1 monoclonal anti-CD31 antibody

In early trials of remyelination, monoclonal antibodies have been a major component. Despite some setbacks they provided important information regarding neurologic recovery. Further, the anti-CD31 PECAM-1 monoclonal antibodies are widely used in a range of clinical applications and is an excellent choice for researchers who want to use the marker for research purposes.

Endothelial cell markers

Endothelial cell markers are proteins that reside on the surface of cells. These cells are typically used to identify specific types of cells, such as endothelial cells. In the past Von Willebrand factors as well as Weibel–Palade bodies were a mandatory quality test in monolayer culture. Nowadays, however, the number of endothelial cell markers is much higher and more diverse. The antibody line has been tested for a variety of applications and is growing rapidly.

Endothelial cells can be utilized to treat diseases, but they also have a variety of applications in the lab. We set out to design methods to collect large numbers of endothelial cells populations that could be used in co-culture with Hematopoietic cell lines. Although microvascular endothelial cells have been isolated from the excisions of tissues, few researchers have examined the stromal vein component of fat tissue.

Certain procedures have been developed to differentiate between endothelial cells and different cell types in the clinical setting. Ulex Europeus Lentin is a prime example of such an indicator. It detects Ulex A1 binding antigen on endothelial cells that have been cultured on coverslips. There are two ways of to determine whether the cells are endothelial. They can be cultured in Matrigel or a specially-formulated medium containing growth factor-reduced Matrigel.

Gene expression was examined using the Stats Package. Pearson's analysis was chosen. We combined both methods to determine cell types, which resulted in four main categories. We also annotated cells using classical cell markers and published single cell sequencing data. These findings have implications for biomedical research. So what are the most effective uses of endothelial cell markers?

Endothelial markers like the blood itself and tissues, are associated with a variety of conditions. Endothelium cells are affected by a variety of substances such as organophosphates, hydrocarbons and ROS. The role of endothelium-related markers in disease research is both exciting and complex. So which of these tests will prove to be the most beneficial?

ECs expressing ACKR1+ are rich in the response to inflammatory processes including chemokines and leucocyte adhesion. They also play a role in cell junctions, development and vasculature. Additionally, ACKR1-ECs are highly enriched in response to hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. ACKR1+ ECs can be used to identify disease-related factors in patients suffering from various diseases.