CD226 antigen Antibodies

CD226 antigen (CD226)

Involved in intercellular adhesion, lymphocyte signaling, cytotoxicity and lymphokine secretion mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and NK cell (PubMed:8673704). Cell surface receptor for NECTIN2.

Upon ligand binding, stimulates T- cell proliferation and cytokine production, including that of IL2, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFNG. Competes with PVRIG for NECTIN2-binding (PubMed:26755705).

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CD226
Uniprot:	Q15762
Entrez:	10666

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

CD226 antigenplatelet and T cell activation antigen 1; CD226 molecule; CD226; DNAM1; DNAM-1; DNAM1adhesion glycoprotein; DNAM-1DNAX accessory molecule-1; DNAX accessory molecule 1; PTA1; T lineage-specific activation antigen 1 antigen; TLiSA1

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
38.614 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	18q22.2
Sequence:	18; NC_000018.10 (69853274..69962086, complement)

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.

Diseases

• Tissue Adhesions
• Autoimmune Reaction
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Neoplasms
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-dependent
• Sclerosis
• Arthritis
• Autoimmunity
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Multiple Sclerosis

• Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
• Inflammation
• Thyroid Diseases
• Diffuse Scleroderma
• Carcinoma
• Liver Carcinoma
• Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Interacting Proteins

• NECTIN2
• TIGIT

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Cell Adhesion
• Secretion
• Cell Activation
• Immune Response
• Cell Differentiation
• T Cell Activation
• Cytokine Secretion
• T Cell Differentiation
• Platelet Activation
• Cell Death
• T Cell Proliferation
• Cell Proliferation

• Cell Killing
• Humoral Immune Response
• Cytokine Production
• Transport
• Hyperphosphorylation
• Cell Migration
• Diapedesis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

• Dephosphorylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CD226

Best Uses Of The CD226 Marker

If you're a scientist working on research or development for a particular application, you'll want to procure Boster Bio CD226 Marker kit. These kits are ideal for scientists who need to find out if a particular cell type or protein is present in a particular species. Researchers can utilize the Boster Bio results to receive credits and credits for the product. These products can be used anywhere in the world, and scientists can request specific samples.

Kit for cell-based ELISA

A cell-based ELISA kit to detect the CD226 marker was developed based on the crystal structures of CD112, a member the ECD protein family. The crystal structure of CD226's initial N-terminal IgV domain confirmed two theories of interaction between the two molecules. The second study was designed to confirm our hypothesis that CD226 might adhere to CD155 through its IgV domain.

The CD226 Colorimetric Cell Based ELISA Kit was designed using rabbit polyclonal antibody that detects the CD226 marker within cells. The kit can be used to determine the relative level of CD226 in cells that have been cultured and to determine the effects of various treatments on the expression of this marker. Its sensitivity is extremely high and it uses a monoclonal antibody specifically designed for the human GAPDH as an internal positive control.

The CD226 gene encodes the protein responsible for regulating T cell expression. It is essential to develop T cells in response to the LFA-1 signal. When it is expressed in non-naive CD4+ T cells they are expressed in a certain region of the body. The phosphotyrosine 322 of CD226 is responsible for the signal of T cell proliferative.

The CD226 molecule is used in many different applications. It is important to note that this receptor is present on both NK and T cells. It is also called the NK inhibitory receptor. Furthermore, it is part of the Ig superfamily. The members of this superfamily comprise at least one Ig domain and two functional domains that resemble IgV. This is why it is crucial to identify and analyze this marker.

Antibody

The DNAM-1 (CD226) 65-kD glycoprotein is present on surface T cells, megakaryocytes macrophages, monocytes and macrophages. It is involved in cell adhesion, and is found on subsets in T cell cells. The CD226 marker is a potential therapeutic target. It has also been linked to numerous diseases.

There are many possible uses for antibodies directed at the CD226 marker. In the case of cancer, anti-CD226 antibodies stop the growth of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Antibodies that target CD226 may be used to fight cancer and other immune-mediated diseases. They can be used in conjunction with other antibodies to target T cells that are cancer-causing. This is an important therapeutic target. However, drug development has been difficult due a lack of CD226 antibodies.

One example is the inhibition caused by T and NK cell cytotoxicity in lymphocytes that are infiltrating tumors. The antibody blocks alloantigen specific T cells from secreting IFN-gamma. Other possible uses include the detection of tumor-infiltrating T cell and the identification of infectious diseases. However, the most popular use of antibodies against CD226 is in the field of cancer immunotherapy.

One study revealed that an antibody against CD226 significantly decreased the stimulatory effect of TIGIT+CD226+ CD4 cells in DM patients. These antibodies also block CD226-expressing immune cells that reside in the body. This is a promising approach for suppressing TIGIT/CD226-double-positive T cells. However, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these antibodies.

Antibody applications for the CD226 marker are in the development. Biochemical and molecular analyses of CD226 have identified that T cell dysfunction is an common adverse consequence of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition, immunotherapy-related cancers are often associated with immune dysregulation, and T cell dysfunction is a common adverse reaction. A successful treatment for autoimmune and cancer diseases is possible through antibody use of the CD226 marker.

The leukocyte adhesion molecule DNAM-1 physically associates with CD226 in T lymphocytes. In NK cells, it binds with the protein tyrosine-kinase Fyn. The stimulation of anti-CD3 as well as PMA in T cells of PB induces physical interaction between CD226 and LFA-1. Cross-linking LFA-1 and anti-CD18 MAb results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of CD226 by Fyn protein Tyrosine Kinase.

Cloning

To clone a gene encoding a cell surface molecule, suitable antibodies or ligands are needed. There are a variety of sources for the cDNA that encodes the molecule targeted for cloning. It is easy to acquire an CD226 marker when the molecules has a natural motif and is of high purity. CD226 can be obtained through platelet purification, anti-idiotype antibodies preparations or recombinantDNA.

While CD226 is frequently expressed on immune cells, its function isn't understood fully. CD226 is a stimulatory and assists in cell adhesion. Furthermore, it plays a part in signal transduction, which allows T cells to detect specific antigens. Therefore, alteration of CD226 expression could provide an opportunity to develop a therapeutic strategy. More research is needed to discover the function of CD226 as an indicator of signal transduction.

As technology for sequencing improves, the connection between gene expression and disease is becoming more clear. One example is the connection between CD226 expression and susceptibility to autoimmune disorders. Although no direct correlation has been established, this gene is very relevant to an autoimmune disorder. Thus, cloning with the CD226 marker could be extremely beneficial in these instances. There is no anti-CD226 antibody that is currently known.

The CD226 ligand was first cloned in 1996. The mRNA of Jurkat cells was used as a template for reverse-transcription. Then fragments of the CD226 extracellular region and the splice donor sequences were retrieved by PCR amplifying. Then, pCD226/Ig was transfected into COS-7 cell lines. The fusion protein that was secreted was detected using Sandwich ELISA and was then purified by anti-CD226 affinity chromatography. It was then used as a probe in immunohistochemistry. Further studies of the CD226 ligand were carried out in the field of adhesion tests.

CD226 plays a role in adhesion, as well as the interaction of platelet-presenting cells with antigen-presenting cell. It also stimulates platelet activation by binding to tumor cells. Additionally, it aids in mast cell degranulation via FCeRI. CD226 and CD112 collaborate to facilitate the cell-endothelial relationship. CD226 is a great candidate for cloning.

DNAM 1

The CD226 protein is a member of the immunoglobulin like superfamily and is expressed on a wide range of different types of cells including T cells and natural killer cells (NK). When activated, DNAM-1 activates downstream signaling pathways essential to NK activation. It is physically connected to LFA-1, and it interacts with TIGIT and CD96. These proteins compete for common ligands. The purpose of DNAM-1/CD226 is unknown.

Multiple autoimmune diseases have been implicated in CD226 in studies that have included Type I and Type II diabetes, asthma and cancer. This gene is a part of a new pathway that binds to ligands similar to those found on T cells. CD226 promotes T cell activity while TIGIT inhibits it. It is not known if CD226 directly influences T cells, however, it is believed to act on dendritic cells through CD155.

Genetic studies have proven that CD226 variation is associated with the susceptibility to rheumatoid joint disease. Utilizing mice lacking DNAM-1, researchers created arthritis in these animals and examined megakaryocytes and platelets in order to assess the role played by CD226 in joint damage. As a result cartilage cells expressing this gene were more likely to recover after surgery.

The anti-CD226 mAb is paired with biotin. After incubation, 100 ml of commercial streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase is added to the wells. Then the color development was carried out on an TMB visualized system. Absorbance at 450 nm was measured. Inhibition of the CD226 protein by Boster Bio DNAM 1 is correlated with decreased cell growth and reduced risk of developing cancer.

The CD226 protein may be an important regulator of activation of platelets. CD226 could be an antithrombotic if this is the case. Further studies are necessary to confirm this. Furthermore, CD226 is implicated in the pathogenesis of platelets, like hypertension and thrombosis. Boster Bio DNAM 1 is a diagnostic tool, can be used to assess CD226's role in a variety of medical procedures.