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Facts about Amphiregulin.
Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR.
Autocrine growth factor in addition to a mitogen for a broad selection of target cells including astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts..
Human | |
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Gene Name: | AREG |
Uniprot: | P15514 |
Entrez: | 374 |
Belongs to: |
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amphiregulin family |
Amphiregulin; AR; AREG; AREGB; Colorectum cell-derived growth factor; CRDGF; MGC13647; schwannoma-derived growth factor; SDGF
Mass (kDA):
27.895 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 4q13.3 |
Sequence: | 4; NC_000004.12 (74445136..74455005) |
Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.
If you are considering using the AREG Marker to identify genes, you've probably come across the AREG ELISA Kit. While this product is useful for analyzing AREG expression levels in a variety of samples, you need to understand the PCR conditions, Antibodies and AREG ELISA kit before you purchase it. Listed below are some of the best uses for the AREG Marker.
The circulating levels of AREG in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer may serve as a predictive biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. To better understand its role, this biomarker was first tested using a commercial AREG ELISA kit. This kit was designed to measure AREG in serum samples and was manufactured by Abnova Corporation. Its measurement sensitivity and specificity were determined using a 96-well flexible microtiter plate. A biotinylated anti-AREG antibody was added to each well, and then HRP-conjugated streptavidin was pipetted to each well.
The AREG protein is a promising target for the development of cancer therapies. Studies have shown that AREG protein expression correlates with the grade of astrocytomas and patient survival, and that it can be used to monitor the treatment of these cancers. As such, the AREG protein is a valuable molecular marker that could prove extremely useful for prognosis assessment and patient follow-up.
Although the AREG protein is ubiquitously expressed in the skin, its specific biological role has remained unclear. However, studies of AREG in keratinocytes suggest that it is involved in the regulation of keratinocyte growth. AREG expression is also correlated with the levels of other cell-growth markers, including EGFR. For further study, researchers should use AREG in cell culture experiments to determine the molecular mechanisms by which AREG is involved in keratinocyte growth.
The AREG protein has many important physiological roles and is a useful biomarker for early-phase IIM-related pulmonary fibrosis. It is also known to be involved in wound healing, autocrine growth, and T-cell regulation. The human amphiregulin protein is a significant factor in myofibroblast proliferation. Further, studies have revealed that it is a pro-oncogenic factor.
The Boster Bio AREG ELISA kit allows researchers to measure amphiregulin in samples from mice, human cells, and various tissues. It is a member of the EGF family and stimulates mitogenesis and morphogenesis of epithelial cells. This growth factor plays an important role during embryogenesis and tissue development. Although this protein is essential for human development, it has been linked to diseases such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T-cell lymphoma, and testicular cancer. AREG is involved in a number of signaling pathways, including the Notch Signaling Pathway, Growth Hormone Signaling Pathway, Fc epsilon RI, and Metabolic pathways.
The Boster Bio AREG ELISA kit is a plate-based test that contains all the reagents needed to perform an ELISA experiment. ELISA uses antibodies linked to enzymes that recognize a specific molecule. Various formats are available, and the basic principle is the same. Boster has Picokine(tm) ELISA kits that utilize high affinity antibodies to detect proteins in their native form. Boster Bio AREG ELISA kits are validated against relevant superfamilies and immunogenic proteins.
To test the possibility of a specific gene, PCR conditions for the AREG marker were established. The primers were designed to amplify the AREG gene, and the PCR conditions for the AREG marker were chosen to minimize amplification of adjacent genes. The AREG gene is expressed in both proximal and distal tubules. The AREG gene was previously identified by a different method, but a new approach was employed to determine its expression in renal tubules.
In a recently published study, PCR conditions for the AREG marker were determined to be independent of other risk factors for KRAS-mutated patients. Other factors that were associated with a positive PCR result included age and sex, and tumor sidedness. However, the use of C/P was not significant. The PCR conditions for the AREG marker were also affected by other factors, including the presence of MM-related exosomes.
In addition to a positive PCR result, SAMiRNA-AREG was found to improve the stability of RNA under physiological conditions. SAMiRNA-AREG nanoparticles were able to specifically target AREG in lung fibrosis models. The SAMiRNA-AREG platform exhibited no hepatotoxicity, and the AREG protein-targeted nanoparticles were highly permeable.
The PCR conditions for the AREG marker have to be optimized in order to maximize the efficiency of the results. As previously stated, the optimal cut-off values are unknown. However, quality control of gene expression measurement is important for obtaining the most accurate results. If these values are lower, the results will not be considered as accurate. The cut-off values must be standardized and the amplicon length is adjusted appropriately.
In order to test for sAREG expression in cells, HPTCs were treated with MM1.S exosomes containing 50 mg/ml. Afterwards, the cells were fixed using Leucoperm kit (AbDSerotec). After treatment, hTERT-MSCs were stained with hematoxyl-eosin to determine adherent cells. For each test condition, a minimum of five high-power fields were counted.
The AREG marker is a membrane-bound protein that induces signaling through the EGF receptor. This protein is known to mediate apoptosis and contributes to hallmarks of cancer, such as hyperplasia and angiogenesis. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, a greater understanding of the role of the AREG in inflammatory diseases is necessary before the marker can be used effectively.
Recent studies have shown that AREG regulates PICD in neonatal monocytes. The AREG marker also enhances gelatinase-mediated cleavage of FasL. This discovery is promising because these insights could lead to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of apoptotic disease. However, AREG is only one of many promising applications for the AREG marker.
Amphiregulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor family that is expressed on many immune cells. It is synthesized as a transmembrane precursor called pro-AREG. The AREG protein is released from the pro-AREG protein after sequential proteolysis. It interacts with the Epidermal Growth Factor-alpha converting enzyme (ADAM-17) during the cleavage process.
The AREG marker is a universal antigen. It is recognized by the cell's DNA and is therefore a useful tool in various studies. In cancer research, the marker is particularly useful in predicting the outcome of various cancer types. It has been shown to interact with other DNA-bound proteins, such as CBX3.
Antibodies against human AREG were purchased from R&D Systems in Minneapolis, USA. The secondary antibody against human MMP-2 IgG1 was purchased from ImmunoTools in Friesoythe, Germany. The primary and secondary antibodies were applied to the cultures on coverslips 1 h prior to infection and for 10 min after infection. The cells were then fixed for another hour at 4degC.
PMID: 2325643 by Plowman G.D., et al. The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity.
PMID: 2466334 by Shoyab M., et al. Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family.
*More publications can be found for each product on its corresponding product page