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- Table of Contents
Facts about Antizyme inhibitor 2.
Inhibits antizyme-dependent ODC degradation and releases ODC monomers from their inactive complex with antizymes, leading to formation of the catalytically active ODC homodimer and restoring polyamine production (PubMed:17900240). Participates in the morphological integrity of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and acts as a regulator of intracellular secretory vesicle trafficking (PubMed:20188728).
Human | |
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Gene Name: | AZIN2 |
Uniprot: | Q96A70 |
Entrez: | 113451 |
Belongs to: |
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Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family |
Antizyme inhibitor 2
Mass (kDA):
49.98 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 1p35.1 |
Sequence: | 1; NC_000001.11 (33081152..33162288) |
Expressed in the neocortex, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, gray and white matter. Expressed in neurons, oligodendrocytes, basket, Purkinje and pyramidal cells. Expressed in spermatocytes and Leydig cells of the testis. Expressed in luteal theca cells lining corpus luteum cysts and in hilus cells of the ovary. Expressed in primary and neoplastic mast cells (MC) (at protein level). Highly expressed in brain. Also expressed in testis.
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network. Cytoplasmic granule. Cell projection, axon. Cell projection, dendrite. Perikaryon. Colocalizes with KDEL receptors in ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Translocates from the ERGIC structure to the cytoplasm in an antizyme-dependent manner. Localizes with vesicle-associated membrane protein VAMP8 in the vicinity of the plasma membrane within serotonin-containing secretory granule
Here are some things you need to know before searching for an AZIN2 antibody marker. This antibody can only be used if you have a high affinity primary antibody against the AZIN2 protein. Boster antibodies are widely cited and have been validated for Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Boster can provide a high quality primary antibody.
AZIN2 in humans is a highly expressed gene. It is involved a variety of cellular functions, including the regulation gene expression and proliferation. It is highly expressed, but we don't know how it works. It is still unknown what the structural and biophysical aspects are of AZIN2 bind. There are many ways to use this gene in research. Listed below are the Best Uses Of The AZIN2 Marker
Polyamine activation interacts with tau pathology, affect, and cognition. Kaprio et.al. found that AZIN2 immuneexpression was associated with a better outlook. It is unclear why high levels AZIN2 are associated to a poorer prognosis with colorectal disease. Interestingly, cancers that express higher levels of AZIN2 have a mucinous secreting phenotype. These cells may also transport intracellular vasculatures.
Multiple cancers are affected by AZIN1/AZIN2 dysregulation, including melanomas, gastric and lung cancers, as well as prostate cancer. AZIN1 is regulated by RNA editing, which results in gain-of-function and drives aggressive cancer types. AZIN2 forms are also implicated with aberrant polyamine upregulation. A novel interaction system was revealed through analysis of three interactome databases.
AZIN2 is a cytoplasmic protein that shows a high level of expression in invasive frontal cells of colorectal cancer. These cells display the morphological features of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Using immunohistochemistry, tumors with AZIN2 overexpression were more likely to have a poor prognosis. In a study of 694 patients suffering from colorectal disease, high-affinity primary antibody using the AZIN2 marker was found to be most effective in detecting tumors that have EMT morphology and mucinous Histology.
The total RNA was extracted from HT-29 and T84 cells. It was reverse-transcribed using Maxima SYBRGreen/ROX qPCR master mix by Thermo Fisher. The samples were then incubated by an anti-tau oligomeric primary antibody using AZIN2 markers. After incubation for 2 hours with the primary anti-tau antibody, the membranes had to be washed 3 times in TBST. Secondary antibodies were then used and detected by chemiluminescence. Images were captured by an Azure Series digital imager C600. Normalizing the samples against GAPDH or actin gave rise to a fold-change.
To induce EMT in cells, immunoogens and toxins were used. TGFb+TNFa treatment results in morphological changes and an increase in AZIN2. The treatment also leads to decreased expression of E-cadherin in A549 cells. The AZIN2 marker allows for the identification of target proteins. The primary antibodies should be diluted in PBS, T and incubated for no less than four hours. The Odyssey Infrared Imaging system was used to visualize the immunoreactive proteins.
The AZIN2 marker, a novel protein, regulates the transport of vesicle particle and exosomes. The number of CD63-positive cells in the culture medium was increased by the overexpression of human AZIN2 cDNA. The CD9 positive material in culture medium from cells expressing AZIN2 was not increased in these cells. The researchers also detected HSP90a/b, an intracellular protein that controls the AZIN2 activity in the cell.
AzI inhibits extracellular polyamines uptake and is involved polyamine homeostasis. It is partially regulated by polyamines. These stimulate its synthesis via a unique mechanism involving the ribosomal framework-shifting. AzI targets ODC degradation, unlike other proteins which inhibit polyamine uptake. This allows high quality primary antibodies to detect the ODC in their target proteins.
Boster Bio's Gene infographics can be used to find out more about a specific gene or just to understand how it works. Each gene comes with basic information about its function. Boster has gene infographics that show all human and mouse genetics. You can quickly search for any gene you are interested by using a search bar. The information is organized according to function so that you can quickly find what you are looking for.
PMID: 11587527 by Pitkaenen L.T., et al. Expression of a novel human ornithine decarboxylase-like protein in the central nervous system and testes.
PMID: 14738999 by Zhu M.-Y., et al. Expression of human arginine decarboxylase, the biosynthetic enzyme for agmatine.