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- Table of Contents
Facts about Toll-like receptor 9.
TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR that's triggered by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory reaction (PubMed:11564765, PubMed:17932028).
Human | |
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Gene Name: | TLR9 |
Uniprot: | Q9NR96 |
Entrez: | 54106 |
Belongs to: |
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Toll-like receptor family |
CD289 antigen; CD289; TLR9; toll-like receptor 9
Mass (kDA):
115.86 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 3p21.2 |
Sequence: | 3; NC_000003.12 (52221080..52226163, complement) |
Highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, tonsil and peripheral blood leukocytes, especially in plasmacytoid pre- dendritic cells. Levels are much lower in monocytes and CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Also detected in lung and liver.
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome. Lysosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome. Relocalizes from endoplasmic reticulum to endosome and lysosome upon stimulation with agonist. Exit from the ER requires UNC93B1. Endolysosomal localization is required for proteolytic cleavage and subsequent activation. Intracellular localization of the active receptor may prevent from responding to self nucleic acid.
PMID: 11022119 by Du X., et al. Three novel mammalian Toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution.
PMID: 11022120 by Chuang T.-H., et al. Cloning and characterization of a sub-family of human Toll-like receptors: hTLR7, hTLR8 and hTLR9.