SOX4 Antibodies

Transcription factor SOX-4 (SOX4)

Transcriptional activator that binds with high affinity to the T-cell enhancer motif 5'-AACAAAG-3' motif. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SOX4
Uniprot:	Q06945
Entrez:	6659

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

ecotropic viral integration site 16; EVI16; SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4; SRY-related HMG-box gene 4; transcription factor SOX-4

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
47.263 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	6p22.3
Sequence:	6; NC_000006.12 (21593751..21598619)

Tissue Specificity

Testis, brain, and heart.

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus.

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Carcinoma
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Leukemia
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Nervousness
• Cell Invasion
• Myeloid Leukemia
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Lung Neoplasms

• Adenocarcinoma
• Prostatic Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Prostate
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Brain Neoplasms
• Liver Carcinoma
• Crest Syndrome

Interacting Proteins

• TP53

Pathways

• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Cycle
• Methylation
• Cell Death
• Cell Differentiation
• Pathogenesis
• Neurogenesis
• Pancreas Development
• Cell Development
• Cell Growth
• Cell Migration
• Sex Determination
• Oncogenesis

• Dna Methylation
• Secretion
• Ossification
• Histone Acetylation
• Transport
• Immune Response
• Cell Cycle Arrest

PTMs

• Methylation
• Acetylation
• Phosphorylation

• Ubiquitination
• Demethylation
• Biotinylation

• Reduction

Research Areas

• Stem Cell Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SOX4

Boster Bio: Best Uses Of The SOX4 Marker

Sox4 is a brand-new protein that plays a vital role in the regulation of cell cycle and TGF-b-induced EMT. We'll be discussing its biological significance and the role of immunofluorescence in this article. We will also discuss its potential applications in immunofluorescence. For more information, please read the article "Boster Bio: The Best uses for the SOX4 Marker."

The biological significance

The SOX4 marker was identified molecularly, and it was discovered to be a highly active transcriptional activater that connects to open chromatin. SOX4 is believed to be an important factor in the growth of lung diseases such as cancer. Furthermore, SOX4 is known to have indirect secondary effects on the expression of other genes. The functions in cells of SOX4 are also significant in the heterogeneity of human diseases.

SOX4 is expressed during embryogenesis, but is more prevalently in adult progenitors cell populations. SOX4 is also expressed in intestinal as well as stem cells from hematopoietic cells. Numerous studies have linked SOX4 expression to an increased depth of invasion in clinical specimens. However, the biological significance SOX4 has not been completely established. It is useful as a marker to monitor the progress and spread of cancer.

It is possible that SOX4 might be involved in a variety of aspects of the biology of breast cancer. In fact, research has shown that high levels of SOX4 significantly predict poorer outcomes for patients suffering from various kinds of breast cancer. It is also believed that SOX4 could play a part in the regulation of angiogenesis in tumors in living. Thus, the SOX4 gene could play an important role in the tumor biology. For example in patients with early-stage breast cancer high levels of SOX4 are linked with a poorer prognosis than patients with non-metastatic cancer.

The SOX4 gene is one of 64 known cancer markers. It plays a crucial part in the formation of malignant tumors. In most studies, SOX4 expression increased with cancer stage and invasion depth. Other studies, such as those from Fang et al. found that SOX4 expression correlated with the stage of tumors, invasion depth and metastasis. Studies of oral squamous cells cancer revealed a positive relationship between SOX4 and tumor growth.

Regulation of the cell cycle

In addition to controlling cell proliferative capacity, SOX4 has been implicated in the regulation of Apoptosis. Its role in endocrine survival and differentiation is well-established. The loss of SOX4 in the endocrine cell could result in apoptosis and/or proliferation. Understanding how SOX4 regulates cell cycle regulation is essential. The study is the first comprehensive description of the neuroendocrine cells of a human called the NEUROG3 lineage.

SOX4 not only regulates the apoptosis process, but also regulates beta cell transcription factors. It is therefore an important indicator for evaluating high-grade neuroendocrine tumors. The most challenging non-NE tumors are LCCs that express just one of the four markers. SOX11 is only found in one of 37 carcinoid cancers. The latter types of tumors are characterized by the widespread expression of the markers.

SOX4 is also involved in a significant role in the regulation and activation of the cyclin D1/CDK4/pRb pathways. This pathway is a key regulator of the G1 to S phase transition. In addition, SOX4 inhibits Bcl-2, the most important anti-apoptotic enzyme that has been found to be resistant to conventional cancer treatments. It was found that a miR-132 inhibitor or mimic induced cyclin D1 protein expression.

TGF-b-inducing EMT

Sox4 has been identified as a target of TGF-b in normal MECs. It is interesting to note that the SOX4 marker has also been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. Tiwari and his colleagues have discovered an epigenomic fingerprint that included 49 genes in a study that was recently published. In addition, Sox4 inhibition is able to block multiple biological processes associated with tumor metastasis.

The transcription factor Sox4 is involved in many human illnesses, including cancer. Many human malignancies have been associated with the absence of SOX4 and breast cancer, among them. Tiwari and colleagues performed analysis of the motif activity response in normal MECs that were stimulated to undergo EMT in response to TGF-b.

It is present in a wide range of embryogenesis-related cells, however, it is most often found in adult stem cells and progenitor cell populations. These stem cells include intestinal cells and hematopoietic stem cells. The gene was first discovered in a study of loss of function of SOX4 and has since been implicated in breast cancer metastasis and invasion. In addition to breast cancer, SOX4 has been implicated in promoting EMT and increased invasiveness. It also has been linked to migration and ECM however it is not related to SNAI1.

The SOX4 gene is implicated in angiogenesis and binds to endothelin-1 receptors. Thus, SOX4 depletion inhibits the growth of endothelial cells. It is also implicated in TGFb-induced EMT. However, further studies are required to determine if SOX4 is directly involved in endothelial cell migration.

Immunofluorescence

The SOX4 gene is involved in a variety of processes that occur in the body. It plays a vital role in the immune system and allows us to recognize the presence of various illnesses like leukemia, or HIV. Infection is the main cause of death. The SOX4 gene has been shown to play a role in the development of antibiotic resistance and other ailments.

The SOX4 gene, which is a well-known oncogene belongs to the SOX C family. A rise in SOX4 expression is associated with malignant transformation and metastasis of various cancer types. SOX4 expression is linked with lower overall survival rates in breast cancer. The exact mechanisms behind SOX4's anti-oncogenic activities aren't clear, the mRNA that encodes it is increased in breast cancer. Sox4 regulates the stemness of cancer by activating multiple pro-survival signaling pathways.

The protein of 47 kDa encoded by the SOX4 gene is a component of HMG-box transcription factors. It has several DNA-binding regions that include RNA polymerase II specific activity, protein heterodimerization activation, and DNA binding domains. The SOX4 protein acts as transcriptional regulator. It could also form an apex protein complex with the syndecan binding protein. Meta-analysis data suggests that Sox4 could also play a part in the development and progression of cancer.

ICC

The ICC uses of the SOX4 marker provide a powerful tool for dissecting the signaling pathways underlying cellular transformation and cancer development. Mass spectrometry studies show that SOX4 is a marker that causes changes in the proteome. HCT-116 cells were grown in a culture to form spheres and total proteins were extracted. Controls were cells that had an empty vector control. The peptide mixture was digested using nanoLC-RPMS/MS and the resulting proteomes were analysed. In the SOX4-overexpressing cells the total number of 3654 unique proteins were identified with high confidence and 3100 proteins were identified with at least two peptide fragments.

The expression of SOX9 and OPN in ICC is in inverse correlation with the level of differentiation of tumors. SOX9 expression is predominantly cytoplasmic in well-differentiated tumors and is detected in the nucleus of poorly-differentiated tumors. All histologically graded tumors have OPN and CK19 expression. Surprisingly, SOX9 expression was not correlated positively with the differentiation grade of ICCs.

There are at least 20 members of the SOX4 gene family in vertebrates, which includes humans. SOX4 is a protein of 47kDa that preferentially binds with the CAAAG sequence motif and regulates transcription. Numerous studies have shown that SOX4 is an important element in the embryonic development. SOX4 is a useful tool to use in the ICC.

Other applications

The SOX4 marker is a potential target for treatment with drugs in the treatment of cancer. It blocks tumor growth by reducing cell proliferation and metastasis. Numerous studies have found a connection between SOX4 and EMT and their distinct regulation in cancer. CSCs are a specific kind of cancer that is characterized by high levels of SOX4. The targeting of SOX4 may be effective in removing normal, differentiated cancer cells. However, more research is required to understand how it is controlled.

This gene regulates numerous important pathways including inflammation. SOX4-RELA genes are thought to regulate pain signaling and the xenobiotic stress. They also regulate tryptophan metabolism and nitric oxygen signaling. They also regulate the activity of fibroblasts and macrophages and endothelial cell activity. SOX4-RELA genes may also be involved in the pathology of RA and OA.

In these studies, SOX4 regulates HDAC1 gene expression. HDAC1 is a key transcriptional activator in cancer. By inhibiting SOX4-driven CSCs could be a viable therapeutic approach. The mass spectrometry-based comparative global proteomics data has been submitted to the ProteomeXchange Consortium under the identifier PXD019694. The author could also provide additional information that can help further research.

Sox4 is a protein that has an evolutionarily conserved high-mobility domain. It is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including development, sex selection and the progression of disease. It is linked with a poor prognosis in cancer, and also inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism behind this is undetermined. The Sox4 protein is a vital gene in the development of several organs in humans.