SIGMAR1 Antibodies

Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1)

Functions in lipid transport from the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in a wide selection of cellular functions probably through regulation of the biogenesis of lipid microdomains in the plasma membrane. Involved in the regulation of distinct receptors it plays a role in BDNF signaling and EGF signaling.

Also regulates ion channels like the potassium channel and could modulate neurotransmitter release. Plays a role in calcium signaling through modulation together with ANK2 of the ITP3R-dependent calcium efflux in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SIGMAR1
Uniprot:	Q99720
Entrez:	10280

Family

Belongs to:
ERG2 family

Alternative Names

Aging-associated gene 8 protein; ALS16; FLJ25585; hSigmaR1; OPRS1; SIG-1R; sigma 1; Sigma 1-type opioid receptor; sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1; Sigma-1 R; sigma1 receptor; Sigma1R; Sigma-1R; sigma1-receptor; SIGMAR1; SR31747 binding protein 1; SR31747-binding protein; SRBP; SR-BP; SR-BP1; SRBPMGC3851; type I sigma receptor

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
25.128 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	9p13.3
Sequence:	9; NC_000009.12 (34634722..34637826, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed with higher expression in liver, colon, prostate, placenta, small intestine, heart and pancreas. Expressed in the retina by retinal pigment epithelial cells. Expressed in alpha-motor neurons (PubMed:23314020).

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus inner membrane. Nucleus outer membrane. Nucleus envelope. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Lipid droplet. Cell junction. Cell membrane. Cell projection, growth cone. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic density membrane. During interphase, detected at the inner and outer nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. Detected on cytoplasmic vesicles during mitosis (PubMed:10406945). Targeted to lipid droplets, cholesterol and galactosylceramide-enriched domains of the endoplasmic reticulum. Accumulation at the endoplasmic ret

Diseases

• Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Schizophrenia
• Alzheimer's Disease
• Sclerosis
• Primary Lateral Sclerosis
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• Retinal Diseases
• Nerve Degeneration
• Retinal Degeneration
• Dementia
• Motor Neuron Disease
• Dysequilibrium Syndrome
• Diabetic Retinopathy

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
• Impaired Cognition
• Hyperhomocysteinemia
• Personality Disorders
• Weakness
• Placental Choriocarcinoma

Interacting Proteins

• DRD2

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Neuroprotection
• Cell Death
• Cell Growth
• Rna Interference
• Localization

PTMs

• Ubiquitination

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SIGMAR1

Best Uses of the SIGMAR1 Marker

If you're a scientist seeking for antibodies for the SIGMAR1 molecule and you've noticed that there are several products that are available. One of them is the SIGMAR1 mAb but what exactly is it and what are the best applications for this molecule? Learn more about the receptor as well as its structure, function and methods for detection.

SIGMAR1 receptors

In one study, researchers utilized AAV to enhance the expression of the SIGMAR1 receptor in osteoclast precursor cells in mice. After AAV injection, these mice showed significant growth in bone mass following ovariectomy surgery. Micro-CT analysis revealed that the mice receiving the Sigmar1-overexpressing AAV exhibited markedly reduced bone loss compared with OVX mice. This suggests that the SIGMAR1 receptor plays an important role in the homeostasis of bone mass.

SIGMAR1 is involved in lipid transport from endoplasmic retinal. It also regulates ion channels and calcium signaling. Although its ability to bind psychoactive drugs makes it a promising therapeutic target, it also has other roles, including managing ion channel function and the activity of the calcium-dependent ITP3R efflux.

SIGMAR1 has a variety of physiological functions, such as bone loss disorders. It prevents the formation of osteoclasts, and promotes bone-repair in various pathological models. It is also used to treat osteoporosis. Research also suggests that the SIGMAR1 signaling receptor might play an essential role in treating osteoporosis.

As an anti-osteoclast drug, dimemorfan decreases osteoclast function and decreases the number of osteoclasts in bone section. Furthermore, it has been used in clinical trials in humans for more than 40 years. It could also be an osteoporosis therapeutic target. If you're interested in using dimemorfan to treat osteoporosis, read on.

Structure

A recent study has identified an unrelated genetic mutation in the SIGMAR1 gene that is associated with symptoms of pyramidal nature of ALS. The mutation is one of a c.283dupC-polymorphism in the 3rd prime UTR region of the SIGMAR1 genes. The mutation can affect the stability of the gene and triggers an increase in the expression levels of TDP43 FUS, TDP43, and other genes. In a patient with a similar mutation from Australia and another from Poland the mutation was heterozygous for c.283dupC and c.672*47G-A as well as c.672*47G-A. Both patients were homozygous to c.283dupC in two families that were not related. The mutation was not observed in 169 elderly controls from Polish or Australian families. Nevertheless, the families were not able to distinguish between the two families.

This study also showed that Sigmar1 plays a crucial role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Researchers were able to visualize the presence and enrichment of the Sigmar1 protein in cardiac tissues using anti-Sigmar1 nanocrystals. Specifically the quantum dots that are anti-sigmar1 are visible on the SR/ER membrane and the mitochondrial membrane. The study showed that Sigmar1 was located within mitochondrial cell membrane. It is also associated with myocytes of the cardiac.

Studies of SIGMAR1 have revealed that it is widely expressed and its highest expression in the liver, and the lowest levels in the brain. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis have also revealed that SIGMAR1 is associated with the nuclear envelope in many human cell types. It has an apparent molecular mass of 28 kD, which is large enough to affect cell function. Further research is required to determine the mechanism by which SIGMAR1 operates in cells.

A molecule that contains this SIGMAR1 protein was isolated from a spinal cord, and then isolated from blood. The protein is split into two kinds. Sig1R is present throughout the adult central nervous system however, IP3R3 is limited to the spinal cord, brainstem, and motor neurons. It isn't expressed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus or cerebellum.

Function

The ER's SIGMAR1 marker is a vital component and regulates a wide variety of cell functions. It regulates many Ion channels, such as the potassium channel, and is a contributor to calcium signaling and efflux. Sigmar1 was originally identified as a ligand for psychoactive drugs. However, it is now recognized that it has many functions in the body. Here are a few functions. All of these functions play part in the working of the heart.

The SIGMAR1 protein is found in mitochondrial membranes. It regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and is an important factor in cardiac contractile function. SIGMAR1 is vital to maintain mitochondrial energy in cardiomyocytes. It is still not clear what Sigmar1 does. More research is required to explore the functional role of this marker and its role in the process of repairing cardiovascular injuries.

Researchers first discovered that Sigmar1 was widely expressed in mammalian cells systems to further study its role in the heart's function and development. They also demonstrated that SIGMAR1 can be activated by ligands in variety of cell types, including cardiomyocytes. There is not much information about Sigmar1's molecular role within cardiomyocytes. They used complementary microscopy investigate its subcellular location and function. Subcellular fractionation revealed that Sigmar1 is located in both lysosomes and mitochondria.

A study on mice without the SIGMAR1 gene showed that there was an increase in the size of mitochondrial structures in mice with no SIGMAR1 gene. This was contrary to the littermates of Wt. Furthermore, the size of mitochondria distribution frequency curve showed a higher percentage of large mitochondria in Sigmar1 hearts. These results indicate that Sigmar1 is essential in the regulation of neuronal function. If these results are confirmed, it could be an effective diagnostic tool for neurodegenerative diseases.

Detection methods

A variety of detection methods have been designed to determine SIGMAR1 expression in various cell types. One method employs immunofluorescence staining and activation of the antigen to determine the presence of this protein. Sections were activated in the presence of 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 9.5) and 6 M urea for 10 min after which they were blocked for 4 hrs, and then restained with primary antibodies. Secondary antibodies were used to detect the signal. Confocal laser scanning microscopy as well as Carl Zeiss Zen software were used to gather images.

ALS is caused by mutations in the SIGMAR1 genes. This was found in sporadic cases by Al-Saif and colleagues. SIGMAR1 encodes the protein Sigma 1 receptor (SIR1) which acts as chaperone. It is expressed in spinal motor neurons and is localized at the mitochondria-associated membrane.