Alpha-1-antitrypsin Antibodies

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1)

Inhibitor of serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin.

Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator. The aberrant form inhibits insulin-induced NO synthesis in platelets, decreases coagulation time and contains proteolytic activity against insulin and plasmin.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SERPINA1
Uniprot:	P01009
Entrez:	5265

Family

Belongs to:
serpin family

Alternative Names

A1A; A1AT; AATMGC23330; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor; Alpha-1 protease inhibitor; Alpha-1-antiproteinase; alpha-1-antitrypsin; antitrypsin), member 1; member 1; PIMGC9222; serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase; serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade A, member 1; Serpin A1; serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin)

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
46.737 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	14q32.13
Sequence:	14; NC_000014.9 (94376747..94390654, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Ubiquitous. Expressed in leukocytes and plasma.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted. Endoplasmic reticulum. The S and Z allele are not secreted effectively and accumulate intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum.; [Short peptide from AAT]: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix.

Diseases

• Alpha 1-antitrypsin Deficiency
• Pulmonary Emphysema
• Lung Diseases
• Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease
• Liver Diseases
• Lung Diseases, Obstructive
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Carcinoma
• Inflammation
• Liver Cirrhosis
• Neoplasms
• Hereditary Diseases
• Liver Carcinoma

• Liver Neoplasms
• Hemochromatosis
• Fibrosis
• Hepatitis
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Lung Neoplasms

Interacting Proteins

• SSR1

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Immune Response
• Secretion
• Localization
• Cell Proliferation
• Glycosylation
• Cell Death
• Cell Adhesion
• Cell Migration
• Secretory Pathway
• Response To Stress
• Regeneration
• Proteolysis

• Hypersensitivity
• Inflammatory Response
• Cell Cycle
• Wound Healing
• Fucosylation
• Cytokine Production
• Autophagy

PTMs

• Cleavage
• Glycosylation
• Phosphorylation

• Oxidation
• Methylation
• Ubiquitination

Research Areas

• Stem Cell Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SERPINA1

Best Uses Of The SERPINA1 Marker From Boster Bio

Boster Bio's guides to optimization are filled with useful information that will help guide your experiments and enhance your results. Every researcher will face difficulties when conducting their experiments. There are a variety of possible sources of error, and the proper controls can eliminate them. Troubleshooting guides will help you pinpoint the source of trouble and fix it. They will also assist you to determine the most effective way to conduct your experiment and give tips on how to keep your results from becoming infected.

In vivo human SERPINA1 mRNA biodistribution

In vivo research on human SERPINA1 gene bio-distribution by mice revealed that this gene is expressed in the liver. This protein is secreted into the bloodstream and believed to protect liver cells from neutrophil damage caused by elastase. The mRNA for this gene is found in the liver and lungs.

In these studies, we employed a mouse model that expresses an mRNA from the SERPINA1 Z allele. The cells were transfected with 25 nanomolar SERPINA1 antisense oligonucleotides or non-targeting oligonucleotide (ASO). Five days after transfection, media and RNA samples were taken and the AAT protein content was assessed using ELISA. The amount of RNA was measured using the RT/PCR method and Sanger sequencing.

The mRNA was produced with an ionizable and self-assembling lipid nanoparticle encoding SERPINA1 (see Table I). The mRNA was also used as a vehicle control which included GFP mRNA. PBS was used as a negative control. The lipid nanoparticles were created by mixing the mRNA in an acidic pH 4.01 acetate buffer. The particles of lipids were suspended in the ethanol solution at a ratio of 11:1. The animals were then given 1.5 mg/kg of the DNA formulation through their tail vein.

AATD is an inherited disease that affects the SERPINA1 gene is mutated. M and MM are the two M alleles for this gene. ZZ is the severe genotype. The normal genotype. The AATD patient genotype is related to a decreased ability of hepatocytes in protecting the alveolar tissues from degradation.

In vivo RNA in situ hybridization probe

The Boster Bio SERPINA1 in Vivo RNA in situ hybridization probe is specifically designed to detect the gene that encodes the serine protease SERPINA1. The probe is composed of human RNA that has been purified. Tissue sections are fixed using 4% PFA for 10 minutes before being used in the preparation of the samples. After that, the sections are washed three times with PBST for 10 minutes. Each slide is then given 100 uL of the hybridization solution.

This RNA in situ hybridization probe works with hapten-labeled antibodies that target transcribed RNA sequences. The hapten-labeled molecules in the probe's transcribed sequence are targeted by fluorophore bound antibodies. Since riboprobes do NOT contain DNA therefore they are a better choice for this purpose. The RNase contamination is possible with a DNA-based probe but not an hybrid made of RNA.

RNA-based ISH is a popular method in molecular biochemistry. The process involves the exposure of biological samples to a probe that is tagged with chemical dye. The probe binds to the sequence that is targeted. The resulting image can then be observed under the microscope. The mRNA sequence that is labeled can be observed. Positive or negative results can be deduced from this information.

The RNAscope(r) in live RNA hybridization technology can detect almost any gene , or non-coding RNA. The RNAscope(r) in situ hybridization test is designed to eliminate these frustrations and provide publication-quality data without the use of antibodies. Additionally the SERPINA1 hybridization probe for RNA is sensitive to single-molecule detection which allows researchers to detect non-coding RNA with minimal background levels.

The SERPINA1 in-vivo mRNA hybridization probe was created to detect SST in mouse embryos. To synthesize the probe, the promoter sequences for T7 were added before the DNA sequences targeted. Then, the secondary PCR products were tested using gel electrophoresis. The DIG-labeled SST probe was synthesized using in the laboratory transcription.

Monoclonal antibody that has been optimized for IHC

Boster Bio has developed an IHC-optimized monoclonally-produced antibody against the SERPINA1 marker, a histiocytic marker of the liver. It reacts with Alpha-1-Antitrypsin and Human. It's also available as blocking peptide, but this is a bit more. Before making its antibodies available to researchers, Boster Bio validates them against known positive and negative samples.

IHC is not a test that requires blocking with serum or biotin. This procedure reduces the likelihood of non-specific staining, and also increases the reproducibility of the results. If blocking is not necessary you can try increasing the concentration of the antibody, or switching to a different antibody. This information must be included in an article that has been peer-reviewed.

Monoclonals that are IHC-optimized should be purchased in accordance with the guidelines of the vendor and the published literature. It is important to understand the biology of the protein in order to accurately determine its effectiveness. Different results may be obtained using the same antibody in different tissues. This is why it is vital to run multiple tests using different antibodies. Additional methods, such as immunohistochemical staining, must be used to support IHC results.

The best way to optimize IHC monoclonally derived antibodies against the SERPINA1 marker requires that one sample be fixed in 10% NBF, whereas another piece should be fixed in another solution. The tissue samples should be frozen in blocks and fixed in 10 percent NBF. The frozen blocks can be used as testing samples that are infused with antibodies.

An IHC-optimized monoclonally antibody to SERPINA1. SERPINA1 marker can distinguish between Sertoli cells and germ cells. In addition, it recognizes many epitopes that are found on the SERPINA1 protein, including the Y5H-Ras-tagged epitopes. It is available in serum and affinity purified immunoglobulins.

A serum of a different species than the specimen is essential to confirm that the antibodies are specific for the SERPINA1 protein. The quality of the staining depends on the concentration of the antibody, the diluent and the temperature of the sample. The longer the time for incubation the greater the specificity of the staining.

ELISA kit

The SERPINA1 ELISA kit from Boster Biologicals has all the reagents you need to conduct an ELISA experiment. ELISA is a plate-based method where antibodies are linked with specific enzymes to detect a biomarker. There are several types of ELISA and each has a different principle. As opposed to other ELISA kits Boster's ELISA kit makes use of high affinity antibodies that can detect the protein in its original form. The QC department validates the kits against the relevant superfamilies as other immunogenic proteins that are similar to.

The ELISA kit was made in Taiwan and can be used to measure human A1AT. The sandwich enzyme immunoassay method is used to detect A1AT within less than 4 hours. A 96-well microplate is pre-coated with a polyclonal antigen that is specific to A1AT to measure A1AT in the sample. A biotinylated monoclonal antibody specifically for A1AT is able to bind to human A1AT in standards. The streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate detects human A1AT and translates the signal into an output signal.

The MBS564031 Human Alpha-1 Antitrypsin ELISA Kit is microwell ELISA kit that can be used for the determination of Serpina1's presence in biological samples. It utilizes SimpleStep ELISA (r) technology to measure SERPINA1 antigen. It has an sensitivity of 13 ng/ml. This kit can be used with microplates with 96 wells or SimpleStep ELISA (r) microplates. The results are reproducible and immediately available.

Depending on the type of SERPINA1 you're looking to measure It is possible to consider purchasing more than one. The SERPINA1 ELISA kit includes two antibodies that are specifically designed to identify this gene. These antibodies will assist you to detect the proteins that are present in the body that cause pain and inflammation. For a more accurate and precise results it is possible to test the kit using different Reagents.