Protein S100-B Antibodies

Protein S100-B (S100B)

Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly- distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for the two ions on each monomer. Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding websites.

Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase. Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	S100B
Uniprot:	P04271
Entrez:	6285

Family

Belongs to:
S-100 family

Alternative Names

beta (neural); NEF; S100 beta; S100 calcium binding protein B; S100 calcium-binding protein B; S100 calcium-binding protein, beta (neural); S-100 calcium-binding protein, beta chain, 10protein S100-B; S-100 protein beta chain; S-100 protein subunit beta; S100; S100B; S100beta

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
10.713 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	21q22.3
Sequence:	21; NC_000021.9 (46598604..46605243, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Although predominant among the water-soluble brain proteins, S100 is also found in a variety of other tissues.

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Diseases

• Brain Injuries
• Nervousness
• Neoplasms
• Traumatic Brain Injury
• Cerebrovascular Accident
• Alzheimer's Disease
• Inflammation
• Melanoma
• Craniocerebral Trauma
• Ischemia
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Gliosis
• Brain Ischemia

• Comatose
• Hemorrhage
• Schizophrenia
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Depressive Disorder
• Infarction
• Neurodegenerative Disorders

Interacting Proteins

• AGER
• MDM2
• S100A1
• S100A11
• S100A2

• S100A4
• S100A6
• S100P
• SPG21
• TP53

Pathways

• Secretion
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Death
• Localization
• Inflammatory Response
• Aging
• Neuroprotection
• Regeneration
• Cell Cycle
• Astrocyte Activation
• Cell Growth
• Neurogenesis

• Cell Adhesion
• Protein Phosphorylation
• Cell Differentiation
• Brain Development
• Immune Response
• Sensitization
• Cell Activation

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Oxidation
• Cleavage
• Acetylation
• Ubiquitination
• Methylation
• Nitrosylation
• Decarboxylation

• Reduction
• Carboxylation
• Glutathionylation
• Citrullination
• Dephosphorylation
• Biotinylation
• Nitration
• Glycosylation

• Deglycosylation

Research Areas

• Apoptosis
• Cell Biology
• Cellular Markers
• Neuroscience

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/S100B

Best Uses Of The S100B Marker

To learn about Boster Bio's mouse S100B ELISA kit take a look at this article. This article is focused on mouse S100B ELISA kit and the effects of S100B on glial-neuronal interactions within melanomas. Additionally, you will learn about the Boster Bio Anti-S100A (Melanoma Marker) monoclonal antibody.

Boster Bio Anti-S100A (Melanoma Marker) S100A1 Monoclonal Antibody

The S100 protein family includes 14 members. The most researched are S100Al and S100B. S100B, a biomarker for the central nervous system, is found to be highly expressed in the brain. It is used to detect the early signs of melanoma and surgical head injuries and cardiovascular surgery.

The S100A gene is present in many different parts of the body, including skin and breast. Although there are differences between benign and malignant melanomas, melanoma cell (S100A1) expression is strongly associated with survival rates of patients. This gene has been linked to lymph node metastasis, and is overexpressed in melanoma and breast cancer. It is also linked to the expression of S100B and Bcl-2.

Boster Bio Anti S100A (A) S100A1 Monoclonal Immunoglobulin reacts to Human and other species. To limit the negative side effects of Boster Bio Antis100A Monoclonal Antibody, you can also buy an inhibitory peptide. If you decide to buy this antibody, be aware that it's validated against known positive and negative samples.

Research has shown that S100 proteins are essential in the growth and progression of tumors. S100A1 and S100A6 are both extremely expressed in the melanoma. However they are also connected to the size of primary tumors. Additionally, S100A2 and S100A6 were also associated with survival of patients and were found to be closely related to the size of the primary tumor.

This antibody was created in collaboration with immunologists and cancer researchers. It is used to detect S100A (Melanoma Marker) and tumor cells. Additionally, it stimulates the production of anti-melanoma CTLs in mixed lymphocyte tumour cultures. It also has potent immunostimulatory properties for T cells.

The humanized mAb, dacetuzumab, has been developed to treat blood cancers. The drug was developed by researchers Redmond WL and Hamid O. Robert C. to repair the deficiency in CD8 T cells' effector function. These antibodies block the expression of B7H2 as well as the target S100A1.

It can also be used in patients with melanoma who is resistant or intolerant to Ipilimumab. The FDA approved Pembrolizumab for patients with advanced melanoma and lymph node metastases. It was studied in stage III melanoma patients in the EORTC 18991 study. Peg-IFN was administered at 6 mg/kg every two weeks or three mcg/kg twice weekly for eight weeks.

Recent advances in melanoma treatments have been focused on the removal of tumor-induced immune suppression. Immunotherapy agents against IFN-a and HDB IL-2 have been used previously in adjuvant settings. Clinical activity has been shown to be impressive for checkpoint inhibitors that fight PD-1 and CTLA-4. However, the combination approach is still under investigation.

Boster Bio's mouse S100B kit

Boster Bio's mouse S100B immunoassay kits use sandwich ELISA technology. First, a rat monoclonal antibody specific for S100B is coated in 96-well plates. Then, test specimens and standards are added to the wells. A goat biotinylated detection polyclonal antibody is then added. Finally, a biotin-labeled stop solution is added to each well. Only the wells containing Mouse S100B are blue. Finally, a stop solution is added and the reaction is completed.

The Mouse S100B ELISA Kit detects the S100B protein in samples. There is no cross-reactivity, or interference from analogues. It has the sensitivity of 139pg/ml. Additionally, it is compatible with microplates with 96 wells. This kit is ideal for analyzing the concentrations of serum and plasma samples of the S100B protein. With its outstanding performance, it is an affordable and reliable choice for your lab.

Effects of S100B on glial-neuronal interactions

We carried out a study to study the effects of S100B on glial and neuonal interactions in mice. We performed a 96-well culture with cells that were treated with S100B for an hour, and then stimulated the cells with IFNg for another 24 hours. Although IFNg and S100B significantly increased NO and ROS production, they did not influence the amount of protein released.

Although there isn't concrete evidence that S100B interacts with AGER in vivo, we observed that S100B has high levels of expression in the brain after TBI. Our studies also showed that S100B was involved in TBI-induced neuroinflammation, cell loss, and neuroinflammation. We speculated that S100B could play an important role in neurologic dysfunction following TBI.

The researchers of this study demonstrated that S100B causes neurite outgrowth in RAGE-transfected neurons. This suggests that S100B affects synaptic plasticity. The exact pathways for signaling that are triggered by extracellular S100B are still unknown. The identification of receptors for this protein can give us an understanding of the effects of S100B on synaptic plasticity.

We also identified a subset schizophrenia patients with S100B levels were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. The results indicate that these patients had high levels of S100B in the brain, which was indicative of a higher degree of damage than the healthy controls. We also discovered that mice that were mutants had greater fear and spatial memory. These results support the idea that S100B plays an important role in glial-neuronal connections.

These results suggest that S100B could be a trophic component. Mice lacking this protein showed normal histological structures and were not affected by any abnormalities. In addition, S100A1 and S100A6 are found in rodent glial cells, but at lower levels than S100B. Additionally the expression of these genes was not detected in mice with brains deficient in S100B.

A recent study showed that mice that are deficient in S100B show superior performance when performing a Morris hidden-platform water maze task as well as in contextual fear conditioning. These results suggest that S100B-null mice have enhanced hippocampal LTP after TBI. It has also been observed that S100B-null mice have increased cognitive impairments in the TBI-induced sensory cortex.

The role of S100B in the process of brain plasticity is not completely understood, however this protein is believed to play a role in regulating neuronal synaptic reorganization. It could also play a role in neuronal learning, memory, and memory. Further studies are needed to understand the precise mechanisms of glial-neuronal interactions. We urge you to continue your research.

These findings suggest that S100B influences the calcium-handling capability of astrocytes in the vicinity. This effect may result from an increase in glutamate release by neurons. It also suggests that S100B decreases the production and degradation of glutamate by astrocytes. This is not to say that S100B is completely inactive however, it definitely inhibits synaptic activity and inhibits neuronal activity.