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- Table of Contents
Facts about Ribosome-binding protein 1.
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Human | |
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Gene Name: | RRBP1 |
Uniprot: | Q9P2E9 |
Entrez: | 6238 |
Belongs to: |
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No superfamily |
180 kDa ribosome receptor homolog; DKFZp586A1420; ES/130; ES/130-related protein; ES130; FLJ36146; hES; KIAA1398; MGC157720; MGC157721; ribosome binding protein 1 (dog 180kD homolog); ribosome binding protein 1 homolog 180kDa (dog); Ribosome receptor protein; ribosome-binding protein 1; RRp
Mass (kDA):
152.456 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 20p12.1 |
Sequence: | 20; NC_000020.11 (17613678..17682283, complement) |
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein.
This article will be focused on two important functions of RRBP1 that are relevant to cancer. We will discuss the expression of RRBP1 during acute myeloid leukemia as well as endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma. We will also explore the potential uses of RRBP1 for autoimmune diseases. Learn more about these applications by reading on. Interested in learning more?
RRBP1 is a novel cancer-causing oncogene that has been overexpressed in many types of cancer. These include colorectal, lung, mammary, and esophageal cancers. It is not known if RRBP1 expression is related to endometrial-type endometrial cancer. This study was conducted to determine if RRBP1 expression could aid in diagnosing endometrial cancers and improve treatment.
To analyze RRBP1 expression in endometrial cancers, two independent pathologists evaluated each slide for immunohistochemistry. Two independent pathologists blinded each other to clinicopathological data calculated the immunohistochemistry scores. The log-rank and the chi–square tests were used to analyze statistical data, as was Cox proportional hazards regression. Western blot analysis confirmed that RRBP1 was significantly more abundant in EC than in normal tissue.
MG132 was the primary anti-RRBP1 antibody used in detection of endometrial type cancers. This was applied to cells six hour before harvesting. Radezolid (10 micromolar), inhibited RRBP1 transcription. This led to a significant decrease in cell growth in endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma.
RRBP1 a vital membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. It plays a critical role in the formation of new proteins and their secretion in mammalian cellular cells. RRBP1 plays a prognosticative role in the progression of cancer. A high level of RRBP1 expression is associated with poor prognosis. This finding suggests that RRBP1 is a potential prognostic sign in Her-2-positive Breast Cancer patients.
RRBP1 promotes ribosome independent localization mRNA inside the ER. It also inhibits the expression and combination of CCR7 mRNA with the ER. This area needs to be explored further. These findings are crucial in establishing the molecular basis for the tumor.
RRBP1 is also found in bladder cancer and epithelial SV40 lines. Its expression in cancer cells is significantly greater than in normal bladder tissues. It also plays an important role in cell proliferation. RRBP1 gene expression is associated to an increased risk of endometrial-type endometrial carcinoma.
RRBP1 was first discovered in bladder cancer. It was found to be associated with tumor stage, lymphode metastasis, overall survival, and overall survival. The gene was upregulated in bladder cancer cells, and knockdown inhibited their migration and invasion. A lower expression level in the tumour was associated to a shorter overall mortality. This study suggests that RRBP1 can be a valuable therapeutic target for endometrioid-type endometrial cancer.
Numerous studies have shown RRBP1 is expressed more in patients with acute meeloid leukemia (AML). This gene is important for many functions and can be mutated in some cancers. The expression patterns of RBP genes may provide clues for understanding the mechanisms of hematopoiesis and leukemia. These genes exhibit distinct cell-type-specific expression clusters that may be relevant to understanding how hematopoiesis, and leukemia occur.
RRBP1 is a member of a gene cluster that contains 167 mRNAs. These genes have been implicated with cellular differentiation during developmental processes. They may also play antagonistic roles in leukemia. RBPs have also been shown to negatively affect TGF-b signaling which is involved with the differentiation of HSCs. These alterations could cause abnormal hematopoiesis.
RRBP1 is highly expressed within EC tissues and plays a multifaceted role for cancer progression. Its expression is associated with tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. In a mouse model with orthotopic lung tumourigenesis, knockdowns to RRBP1 mRNA significantly reduced tumorigenesis. Interestingly, RRBP1 has been implicated in EC as a potential therapeutic target. It is currently being tested in clinical trial.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are intermediate biologic neoplasms that are often associated with a poor prognosis. Most are curable and may be resected en bloc. However there are some that can rapidly grow again. Inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma is one such tumor. Most cases are associated to a fusion gene involving EML4/RANBP2 genes.
However, the mechanism by which RRBP is controlled is not well understood. It is also unknown which proteins within the heme body regulate ribosomal-protein expression. RBP regulation may be affected by splicing. Although this protein is not yet identified as a therapeutic target, a genetic test will reveal whether RBP1 has been overexpressed.
AML is the first type of cancer to have its genome sequenced. The TCGA published the Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes In Cancer dataset over the past decade to provide insight into RRBP1 expression among patients with acute myeloidleukemia. A subset of AML patients showed a high level RRBP1 gene expression.
AML is a heterogeneous malignant condition of the hematopoietic cell. It affects both children and adults and is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults. Genetic mutations associated with AML include CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (CEBPA). Nucleophosmin 1 or fms tyrosine kinase3 is (NP-1). These genes are important in disease development and treatment.
Another study was done in pediatric ALL patients and found that the circulating level of miR-652-3p was lower in newly diagnosed patients then in healthy control patients. This level was restored after complete remission. Patients with high levels of miR-652-3p were more sensitive to vincristine and cytarabine treatment. This suggests that the miR may promote apoptosis of ALL cells.
This gene has been linked to other clonal disorders in the hematopoietic systems, such as myelomonocytic and RANBP1 fusions. Patients with these cancers have higher cell survival and differentiation rates due to the fusion of RANBP1 with ALK. Patients with acute myeloidleukemia who have high levels of the gene RRBP1 will have a worse prognosis.
The number of studies evaluating the role of RRBP1 is very small. In fact, the difference between two groups of patients who have the same mutation of the RRBP1 gene is so small that the mutated gene is not statistically significant. A statistically significant difference of less that 0.05 is considered statistical significance. To determine whether a gene in acute myeloid encephalopathy is overexpressed, or underexpressed, it does not necessarily need to be studied.
PMID: 9628588 by Langley R., et al. Identification of multiple forms of 180-kDa ribosome receptor in human cells.