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- Table of Contents
Facts about Phospholipid scramblase 1.
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Human | |
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Gene Name: | PLSCR1 |
Uniprot: | O15162 |
Entrez: | 5359 |
Belongs to: |
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phospholipid scramblase family |
Erythrocyte phospholipid scramblase; MMTRA1B; MMTRA1BCa(2+)-dependent phospholipid scramblase 1; Phospholipid Scramblase 1; PL scramblase 1; PLSCR1
Mass (kDA):
35.049 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 3q24 |
Sequence: | 3; NC_000003.12 (146515178..146544805, complement) |
Expressed in platelets, erythrocyte membranes, lymphocytes, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, uterus, intestine, colon, heart, placenta, lung, liver, kidney and pancreas. Not detected in brain and skeletal muscle.
Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Localizes to the perinuclear region in the presence of RELT.
This BosterBio article discusses Phospholipid scramblase 1(PLSCR1), and its functions. It also covers the SNP rs1061307 and its clinical applications. It is intended for scientists interested in understanding the functions of PLSCR1.
Phospholipid Scramblase-1 (PLSCR1) plays a vital role in intracellular membrane protein and receptor trafficking. It interacts within cells with multiple molecules to control cell division, cell growth, and survival. Its role in the development of disease is still not fully understood. Here we review the current knowledge of the role of PLSCR1.
High levels of PLSCR1 can promote the transition from lytic to latent EBV infections. This is most common in epithelial malignancies associated with EBV and NPC. PLSCR1 expression has been associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLSCR1 promotes HBVX X protein degradation and antiviral IFN signalsing.
The protein interacts to a receptor found in lymphoid tissues. Recombinant PLSCR1 can activate the NF-kB, p38, and JNK. PLSCR1 has the ability to transfer to the Autophagosome. Autophagy is affected by PLSCR1 being overexpressed.
Phospholipid scrubblase is type II plasma membrane proteins with a long, N-terminal area exposed to the cell cytoplasm. PLSCR1 contains multiple PPXP/PPXY domains. There is also an EFhand-like domain, a conserved cysteine rich, and a nuclear signal. It is well-known for its ability to regulate phospholipid redistribution.
Boster Bio’s Phospholipid scammblase-1, (PLSCR1) acts as a nuclear-localization sign that inhibits influenza virus replication. PLSCR1 interacts and importin-a is the receptor for virus nucleoprotein. This blocks viral ribonuclear protein compound (VPSC) nuclear translocation, which results in a halt in the virus life cycle.
The PLSCR1 gene encodes multiple functions for a protein that contributes to various cellular processes. Particular emphasis is placed on molecular interaction partners. PLSCR1 is still not fully understood. Further research is needed to determine its role in cell disease and homeostasis. This gene is of great interest in the area of neoplastic cancers.
Although the PLSCR1 genome is still not fully understood, it appears that it plays a role in regulating EGFR signals. It is also known to contribute to receptor trafficking within intracellular membranes. Moreover, it is thought to be involved in posttranscriptional effector pathways. However, further research is needed to discover how PLSCR1 might be used to prevent or treat primary hepatic cancer.
This gene is present in many tissues including breast cancer cells. Expression of PLSCR1 is assessed by using Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. When the gene is expressed in mutated cells, PLSCR1 expression is decreased in breast cancer cell line lines. In addition, mutations in this gene lead to decreased scramblase activity. PLSCR1 mutant cell lines were used for studying PLSCR1's enzyme activity.
PLSCR1 overexpression in cancer cells confers tumorigenic and metastatic benefits. This gene activates STAT1 signaling at BLBC, which is crucial for the development of ne litype of cancer. These tumor cells could serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. And, as they grow, PLSCR1 levels can be a useful tool in treating cancer stem cells.
The PLSCR1 marker has several uses in the clinic. It can promote the conversion from lytic EBV infection to latent. This is a common occurrence in epithelial lining cancer patients. However, high expression of this gene may also facilitate the development of cancers. Here are some uses. Here are a few:
It is not known what role PLSCR1 plays in angiogenesis. However, it may participate in regulating EGFR signaling and posttranscriptional effector pathways. It has been shown in the nucleus to associate with BZLF1. This interaction may contribute to the neoplastic transformation of lymphoid cells. However, further studies are needed to confirm this.
There are many uses for the PLSCR1 marker in biological assays. It is used for monitoring the level of phospholipids scramblase 1. in various samples. It also interacts with IP3R1 and regulates the expression of the protein. Moreover, it may also promote cell differentiation. It is also known to inhibit apoptosis in various types of cancers.
The PLSCR1 protein is a molecular marker that can perform many functions. Although it has been linked to a variety of cellular processes, the exact role of the PLSCR1 gene in regulating cell function or disease is still unknown. Further research is required to better understand its role as a regulator of cell function and disease. There are many uses for PLSCR1, and more work is needed to understand its exact role.
The PLSCR1 indicator can be used for monitoring the PS level in cells. It is an important regulatory element in the coagulation process and acts as a catalyst for the assembly of coagulation factor. Moreover, it is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs. Patients with SLE may also experience thrombophilia due to increased PS exposure.
The PLSCR1 marker was used to detect PLS-related mutations within human cancer cells. In this study, immunostaining for PLSCR1 in CRC tissues was done. We compared PLSCR1 levels in CRC tissues to those of b -actin, the loading protein. The tumor tissue expressed more PLSCR1 than the adjacent normal tissues.
The intracellular trafficking and regulation of membrane proteins and receptors is facilitated by the PLSCR1 marker. This protein interacts to multiple molecules in a disease- or cell-specific context. This study suggests that PLSCR1 may be a therapeutic target in primary liver cancer. It is not clear what role it plays in the pathogenesis and progression of liver disease. Additional research is needed to better understand its role in cellular metabolism.
PLSCR1 expression is heterogeneous in MCL cells. It can be used as a predictor for response to autophagy inducing therapeutic agents. Prospective studies will be needed to determine the clinical utility of this marker. PLSCR1 has many benefits for identifying cancer cells. Its high expression could also be used by physicians to monitor patient care. A clinical trial will determine if PLSCR1 can be used as a marker.
The PLSCR1 marker can be used to detect cancer and inflammatory diseases. The PLSCR1 marker has also been shown to identify fibrosis, psoriasis, and inflammatory diseases. There are likely to be additional clinical applications, such as for diabetes, liver cancer and pulmonary disease. For now, PLSCR1 is considered a useful marker for cancer research.
Many biological assays use antibodies to detect Phospholipid scramblase 1 in biological samples. The antibodies may be monoclonal as well as polyclonal. They have been tested against a variety, including mouse and rabbit, and can be used to detect Phospholipid scramblase 1. Although the molecular and cellular functions are not known, it may play an important part in the formation and activation of mast cells and the recognition of apoptotic cell by the reticuloendothelial systems.
AML encompasses a variety of genetic and molecular subtypes. Different proteins have post-translational modifications that regulate their stability, translocation, and aggregation. PLSCR1 is an example of such a protein. However, the precise mechanisms by which it translocates into a nucleus are not known. Wogonoside is able to induce nuclear translocation of PLSCR1's marker. A process called depalmitoylation is catalyzed in part by acylprotein thioesterase 1.
Additionally, in silico/invitro studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms within the PLSCR1 gene as primary functional variants. These new candidate loci may play a significant role in the risk of chronic hepatitis B infection. The new discovery is likely to lead to more targeted research for the disease.
The PLSCR1 pathway controls the differentiation of primary AML-cells. Interestingly, PLSCR1 is regulated by downstream proteins when wogonoside is added to the culture medium. It also influences several proteins involved cell cycle and differentiation. These effects are reversed by PLSCR1 silencing. Further studies are needed to establish the role PLSCR1 has in AML.
PMID: 9218461 by Zhou Q., et al. Molecular cloning of human plasma membrane phospholipid scramblase. A protein mediating transbilayer movement of plasma membrane phospholipids.
PMID: 9712717 by Kasukabe T., et al. Identity of human normal counterpart (MmTRA1b) of mouse leukemogenesis-associated gene (MmTRA1a) product as plasma membrane phospholipid scramblase and chromosome mapping of the human MmTRA1b/phospholipid scramblase gene.