MRAP Antibodies

Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP)

Modulator of melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R and MC5R).

Acts by boosting ligand-sensitivity of melanocortin receptors and enhancing generation of cAMP from the receptors.

Desired both for MC2R trafficking to the cell surface of adrenal cells and for signaling in response to corticotropin (ACTH). May be involved in the intracellular trafficking pathways in adipocyte cells.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	MRAP
Uniprot:	Q8TCY5
Entrez:	56246

Family

Belongs to:
MRAP family

Alternative Names

B27GCCD2; C21orf61chromosome 21 open reading frame 61; FALPFGD2; Fat cell-specific low molecular weight protein; Fat tissue-specific low MW protein; melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein; melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
19.136 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	21q22.11
Sequence:	21; NC_000021.9 (32291813..32314784)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in adrenal cortex, testis, breast, thyroid, lymph node, ovary and fat. Expressed in adipose tissues.

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. The formation of antiparallel homo- and heterodimers suggest that N- and C-terminus can both localize in the cytoplasmic and extracellular parts, depending on the context (PubMed:20371771). Upon insulin stimulation, it is redistributed into spotty structures throughout the cytoplasm.

Diseases

• Adrenal Gland Hypofunction
• Cerebrovascular Accident
• Adrenal Gland Diseases
• Hypoglycemia
• Liver Neoplasms
• Glucocorticoid Deficiency With Achalasia
• Heart Failure
• Neoplasms
• Pituitary Diseases
• Esophageal Achalasia
• Liver Carcinoma
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm

• Hyperpigmentation
• Genetic Diseases, Inborn
• Carcinoma
• Pain
• Hypoplasia
• Congenital Absence Of Adrenal Gland

Interacting Proteins

• MC1R
• MC2R
• MC3R
• MC4R
• MC5R

• MRAP2

Pathways

• Localization
• Reflex
• Secretion
• Transport
• Cell Cycle
• Gland Development
• Glycosylation
• Mineralocorticoid Secretion
• Pathogenesis
• Adrenal Gland Development
• Developmental Process
• Pigmentation
• Protein Secretion

• Sensitization
• Translation
• Cell Differentiation
• Vasoconstriction
• Bioluminescence
• Vasodilation
• Endocytosis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

• Glycosylation

• Cleavage

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/MRAP

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The MRAP Marker

High-affinity primaries antibodies are the cornerstones of any lab. High-affinity antibodies are essential for any lab, no matter if you're a researcher, a biotechnologist and/or a student. Boster Bio's online submission platform allows you to submit your results, including those for special samples, applications, or species. This means you can submit your results and receive credits for the product! Boster Bio's methods of scientific research are applicable to all scientists worldwide, not just those in the U.S.

Boster Bio

The MRAP test has become a popular diagnostic test. High-affinity antibodies to this marker are available for researchers who want to detect the presence or absence immuno cells. These antibodies have been widely used for over 25 years, and are trusted by researchers. Boster Bio's antibodies have been tested and validated using multiple methodologies including Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and ELISA.

Primary antibodies with high affinity

Detecting adipocytes by immunohistochemistry requires high-affinity primary antibodies against the MRAP marker. The marker is expected as a 14 kDa, glycoprotein that migrates on SDS-PAGE as a higher molecularweight smear. The MRAP protein is highly glycosylated. We used an anti-MRAP antibody (DIO) against a murine adipocyte cells line to detect the protein within cultured cells.

We confirmed that MRAP, Gas and FLAG were specifically co-interacted using the MRAP/FLAG combination. We used C57BL/6J female mice to co-transfect cells containing MRAPFLAG/Gas vectors. After co-transfection, lysates were separated on a 10%--20% SDS-PAGE gel and stained with Coomassie blue. Co-transfected HepG2 cells were found to have MRAP-FLAG-tagged cell cultures.

Another approach is to use direct DNA isolation from B cells to produce high-affinity antibodies. This technique allows for a wider variety of antibodies than the cloning and cloning specific antigens. Cell expression systems are used to express DNA libraries and then titrate for high affinities. After titration, a lead antibody candidate has been selected. Typically affinity maturation follows.

A variety of diagnostic tests can be performed using high-affinity primary antibodies. For example, if an antigen is characterized by a high affinity, then a monomer of the antibody will bind to the antigen strongly and quickly. BIACORE(tm), and solution-affinity ELISA can measure the monomerization of an antigen. This approach can provide significant results in immunohistochemistry. It may also be useful for detecting microbial marks in the gastrointestinal tract.

The MC2R-tagged MC2R accessory Protein (MRAP), was expressed in cells coexpressing MC2R-tagged MC2R. This protein stimulated the production of cAMP. The MC2R -green fluorescent protein fusion also had a negative effect on cell membrane localization and signaling. The MRAP-green fluorescent protein fusion was not able to detect ACTH in cAMP-producing cells.

Anti-Activin A antibodies have been isolated from B cells that were incubated with 1 nM Biotin-Activin A. 212 antibodies bound less than 1nM, while 41 6 bound between 1nM-10 nM. Another 20 antibodies bound with a KD of 1 nM or less. The remaining 20 anti-Activin A antibody were enriched by capturing 1 nM biotin Activin A in B cells culture and containing an aP2(FABP4) antibody.

The MRAP Protein is vital for lipolysis. MRAP is essential for controlling ACTH-induced lipolysis of adipocytes. MRAP knockdown can reduce ACTH-induced FFAs/glycerol releases. This is not a general rule; it is only necessary when ACTH-induced lipolysis is required.

HN1 has been considered a potential therapeutic treatment. HN1 is a human IgG fused with a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A and kills cancer cells by binding to the conformation-sensitive epitope of human mesothelin. This mAb currently is in clinical trials.

MRAP marker

Boster Bio manufactures an anti CD68 monoclonal antibody that can be used in IHC applications. It is non-hazardous and does not contain BSA. Blocking Peptides can be added at 1.0mg/ml to IHC applications. Prices vary depending on immunogen length. Boster's antibody testing is done on both known positive samples and known negative samples. This makes them safe for use.