MAPK9 Antibodies

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9)

Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in a variety of processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway.

In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a range of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. Promotes stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors such as TP53 and YAP1.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	MAPK9
Uniprot:	P45984
Entrez:	5601

Family

Belongs to:
protein kinase superfamily

Alternative Names

c-Jun kinase 2; c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2; EC 2.7.11; EC 2.7.11.24; JNK2; JNK2A; JNK2BETA; JNK2JNK2ALPHA; JNK-55; Jun kinase; MAP kinase 9; MAPK 9; MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9; p54a; p54aSAPK; PRKM9JNK2B; SAPK; SAPK1 alpha; Stress-activated protein kinase JNK2

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
48.139 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	5q35.3
Sequence:	5; NC_000005.10 (180233143..180292083, complement)

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Colocalizes with POU5F1 in the nucleus.

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Lung
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Adenocarcinoma
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Arthritis
• Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
• Inflammation
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Mood Disorders

• Sarcoma
• Carcinoma
• Mastitis
• Edema
• Patient Dependence On
• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Pancreas

Interacting Proteins

• ARRB1
• ARRB2
• ATF2
• C1orf94
• CEP44

• DUSP10
• DUSP4
• EFHC2
• L3MBTL3
• LNX1

• MEOX1
• SF3B4
• SHMT1
• SMCO3
• STAT3

• TEX11
• WDR62

Pathways

• Cell Cycle
• Cytokine Production
• Cell Death
• Immune Response
• Cell Cycle Checkpoint
• Lactation
• Mitosis
• Keratinocyte Proliferation

• Cell Growth
• Keratinocyte Differentiation
• Glycolysis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/MAPK9

Best Uses Of The MAPK9 Marker

As a drug developer or researcher, you might be interested in learning more about MAPK9 binding patterns. This article will discuss MAPK9 applications, targets, and inhibitors. Learn how MAPK9 isoforms exhibit a variety binding patterns. These discoveries can help improve your drug development decisions. Below are the most commonly used MAPK9 markers.

Different binding patterns are displayed by MAPK9 isoforms

There are eight members of the MAP kinases kinase family. They all stem from a single ancestral gene. Although their functions are similar, their binding patterns can be quite different. For example, beta-1 and alpha-1 binds JUN, while beta-2 binds ATP2. All isoforms phosphorylate the same target proteins, although their binding patterns differ. Alpha-2 prefers JUNB, while beta-1 and beta-2 bind JUNB. However, they are not substrates to JNK2 beta-2. They are associated with the CREST-BRG1 complex, which orchestrates the calcium-dependent release of the repressor and recruitment of the activator complex.

All 14-3-3 isoforms display different binding patterns, indicating that their binding affinities vary between proteins. The phospho-Serine pS1444 is the most popular binding site. These three sites are essential for interfacing with 14-3-3 proteins. Despite being similar, these sites have distinct binding affinities which makes it difficult for us to compare the affinities between the different isoforms.

Applications

The MAPK9 gene product, a multifunctional protein kinase, regulates a number of cellular processes including rRNA synthesis as well as protein degradation. This protein is essential for cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, as well as programed cell death. The MAPK9 gene products is activated by external stimuli, proinflammatory chemicals, and physical stresses. It phosphorylates components within the AP-1 Signaling Pathway.

The MAPK9 gene is an important regulator of phosphorylation of the protein kinase S6, S7, and MAP2K. The expression of these genes affects the shedding of prss14 and epithin. The downstream molecules of this gene are PKCbII and TACE, which are involved in the upstream signaling of the Prss14/epithin synthesis.

Targets

The MAPK9 protein is made up of several isoforms. Each has a unique binding pattern. Alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to JUN and ATF2 while all are equally efficient at phosphorylation. However, alpha-2 does not bind JUNB and JUND, and MAP2K4 does not phosphorylate JUNB.

The complex cellular and molecular relationships of active compounds and therapeutic targets to MAPK9 have created a complex network. Each biological process is represented in this network by a node. Every therapeutic compound is represented using a different colored color. These nodes are displayed in Figure 2.

The MS-based targeted assessment was performed by quantifying 284 of 200 phosphoproteins in any organism. The method can measure hundreds of peptides within a single measurement period. Soste and coworkers validated the method using drug-treated yeast cells, human medulloblastoma tumours, and a variety of breast cancer preclinical models. It identified large numbers phosphosites that were differentially regulated in cancer cell lines and tumors, and could be used for the identification of mechanistic hypotheses.

Researchers have discovered that the GPS2 pathway is essential for activation of downstream signaling pathways in a recent study. This cellular pathway controls the activation of the viral UL4 promoter, and ERK1/2. It is also involved in autophagy. ERK1/2, p38, and p38 are also involved with viral activation. The maintenance of the viral genome is also affected by sustained p38 activation in CMV-infected cell strains.

Inhibitor

Among the various anti-MAPK9 antibodies, the Boster Bio MAPK8/9 antibody is a highly selective one. It reacts well with human, mouse, and rat MAPK proteins. The antibody can last one year at -20°C. It contains 5mg BSA, 0.05mg Thimerosal and 0.05% sodium azide. Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd. can supply this antibody.

YQRG reduces liver fibrosis in rats through regulation of AMPK signalling. It inhibited CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and improved the pathological damage of the diseased liver. This effect may be related to its ability to modulate P38 MAPK signalling, an important cellular pathway. YQRG is a potent inhibitor of liver fibrosis. This drug promotes AMPK signalling and inhibits apoptosis.

TGFb receptor kinase also known as MAPK1 activates intermediate MAPKs including TAK1 (or p38) signaling. Several other pathways are associated with myofibroblast differentiation, and the interaction between these pathways determines the differentiated state of the fibroblast. It is important to note that Tgfb1 acts as a hub between three gene groups that could be of interest for further research.