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Facts about Interleukin-7.
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Human | |
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Gene Name: | IL7 |
Uniprot: | P13232 |
Entrez: | 3574 |
Belongs to: |
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IL-7/IL-9 family |
IL7; IL-7; IL-7interleukin-7; interleukin 7; Lymphopoietin-1; PBGF
Mass (kDA):
20.187 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 8q21.13 |
Sequence: | 8; NC_000008.11 (78675870..78806830, complement) |
Secreted.
In this article, you'll learn about how IL-7 enhances the survival of human eosinophils , and helps in the development of immune cells. Additionally, you will be informed about challenges and unanswered questions. Find out more about this in our article: The Best Uses for the IL7 Marker. Now, go out there and buy your antibodies today! We're looking forward hearing your feedback!
T lymphocyte development is dependent on IL-7 signaling. The function of IL-7 is to influence immune cell development in an unique way with mutant mice showing severe impairment in T lymphopoiesis. Changes in the JAK3 protein that encodes a Janus family member, can cause severe combined deficiency (SCID). It plays a key role in murine T lymphocyte growth, resulting in a deficiency of lymphocytes.
In mouse models, IL-7 promotes differentiation of Tfh cells. This is because exogenous Ill-7 increases the differentiation of Tfh cells, even though it neutralizes IL-6 and IL-21. Exogenous IL-7 could also hinder maturation of non-TfhCD4+T cells. The immune system can effectively combat the negative effects that the IL-7 has on cells.
T-cell survival is aided by IL-7, which blocks the production of proapoptotic proteins. By inhibiting the production of pro-apoptotic proteins, IL-7 can block the release of cytochrome-c and apoptosis. Furthermore, IL-7 promotes glucose uptake and glycolysis. The effect of IL-7 is controlled by the STAT5 transcriptional activity, which triggers the activation of Akt, a signaling protein that regulates glucose uptake as well as glycolysis.
B lymphopoiesis can also be influenced by the IL-7. It activates mTOR by inhibiting the activity of PLCg/PKC. This promotes the development of B cells, but its effects on clinical outcomes in mice and humans are less than clear. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the precise role of IL-7 during B-cell development and immune cell maturation. There are a variety of mechanisms through which IL-7 regulates immune cell development.
The IL-7 protein plays a key role in the formation of various kinds of immune cells. These include T cells natural killer cells, monocytes, innate lymphoid cells macrophages, T and B lymphoid cells. It affects both the T and B lymphoid cells, as well with eosinophils and neutrophils. Interleukin-7 also regulates expression of pro-inflammatory cells, cytokines and other cytokines. Targeting IL-7 can be utilized to treat a variety of diseases.
IL-7 stimulates autocrine production of CSF-GM by eosinophils. It is a factor that induces eosinophil survival in a dose-dependent way. However there is no definitive evidence of the mechanism through that IL-7 causes this effect. The effect is thought to be caused by GM-CSF.
IL-7 is essential for allergic airway inflammation in the airways. Its production may play a role in the development of allergic asthma. In the study, IL-7 levels increased from 2 percent to 53 percent in BAL fluids, indicating that IL-7 promotes the survival of eosinophils. This is the first time a Cytokine has been implicated in the development of eosinophilia in nonatopic airway disorders without any correlation to the IL-5 molecule.
IL-7 increases the number of human eosnophils in vitro, which in turn promotes their survival. IL-5 (E12K) is a full agonist in the human eosinophil survival assay, and its cellular activation is significantly reduced when compared to the wild-type protein. The neutralizing antibodies specific to the IL-5 do not have any effect on the activation of eosinophils of the airway.
Another study found that eosinophils that were purified from human blood were placed in vitro and incubated with higher levels of IL-5 (E12K). These cytokines were essential for the survival of human eosinophils. The results showed that IL-5 and IL-5 (E12K) could be able to increase the survival of eosinophils, despite both compounds reducing their biological capacity by 500.000.
IL-7 stimulates T cell proliferation and functions in the process of innate immunity. It also increases the number of neutrophils that are recruited to infection sites, which increases the in vivo immune response. The three factors mentioned above contribute to the survival of human eosinophils. It is essential that IL-7 raises levels of Bcl-2, IL-2 and pSTAT5 expression.
This study used an indirect ELISA to measure levels of cytokines, GM-CSF and other chemicals. The DMEM medium included 10% FCS, 50 u/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml staphymycin. Then, COS cells were transiently transfected with IL-5 receptors from humans and bc chain plasmids (10 mg each) using a calcium phosphate precipitation method. The Mammalian Transfection kit was used to transfect. The cells were harvested after 48 hours after transfection in PBS containing 5mM EDTA.
Recently the IL-7 marker has been identified as a biomarker that can detect human T cells. While the effects of IL-7 vary for different species but they play a significant role in peripheral T-cell homeostasis. CD8+ T cells make use of IL-7 and IL-15 to maintain the periphery and tissues of mice. They aren't required for the growth of T cells however. Mutant mice lacking the IL-7R show severe T-cell insufficiency.
The IL7R gene is crucial for both adaptive and innate immune responses. It regulates T cell differentiation and development, and is involved in the longevity of families. Recent studies have proven that the IL7 marker is associated with both chronological and immune-related diseases. The challenges of studying the IL7 marker in blood samples are being discussed, but it's worth mention some of the key aspects it plays in our understanding of these immune-related diseases.
One study showed that mAbs against the IL7 marker reduced the amount of IL-7Ra PBMCs from humans. This mAb blocked IL-7-induced gene transcriptional modification in IKZF4, a member the Ikaros family of transcription factors that play a role in lymphoid formation. It did not reverse the inflammatory effects of IL-7.
Targeting pathogenic memory immune cells is another promising therapeutic option. Presensitized monkeys experience reduced skin inflammation as a result of an antagonistic anti-IL-7Ra mAb. However the anti-IL7Ra antibodies don't affect peripheral blood T-cell characteristics, phenotypes, or metabolism. They may also cause hyporesponsiveness over time, decreased frequency of antigen-specific IFN-g-producing T-cells and a decrease in frequency.
PMID: 2643102 by Goodwin R.G., et al. Human interleukin 7: molecular cloning and growth factor activity on human and murine B-lineage cells.
PMID: 2329282 by Lupton S.D., et al. Characterization of the human and murine IL-7 genes.
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