Interleukin-33 Antibodies

Interleukin-33 (Il33)

Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells. Involved in the maturation of Th2 cells causing the secretion of T-helper type 2-associated cytokines.

Also involved in activation of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and natural killer cells. Acts as a chemoattractant for Th2 cells, and may function as an"alarmin", that amplifies immune reactions during tissue injury.

Gene Information

Mouse
Gene Name:	Il33
Uniprot:	Q8BVZ5
Entrez:	77125

Family

Belongs to:
IL-1 family

Alternative Names

C9orf26; C9orf26chromosome 9 open reading frame 26 (NF-HEV); DKFZp586H0523; DVS27; DVS27-related protein; IL1F11; IL-1F11; IL33; IL-33; interleukin 33; Interleukin-1 family member 11; interleukin-33; NFHEV; NF-HEV; NF-HEVNFEHEV; Nuclear factor from high endothelial venules; RP11-575C20.2

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
29.991 kDA

Genomic Context

Mouse
Location:	19|19 C1
Sequence:	19;

Diseases

• Inflammation
• Asthma
• Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Autoimmune Reaction
• Eosinophilia
• Ulcer
• Atherosclerosis
• Fibrosis
• Colitis
• Rhinorrhea
• Ulcerative Colitis
• Autoimmune Diseases

• Dermatitis
• Allergy
• Dermatitis, Atopic
• Allergic Asthma
• Hypertrophy
• Myocardial Infarction
• Tissue Adhesions

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Secretion
• Immune Response
• Cytokine Production
• Inflammatory Response
• Angiogenesis
• Cell Activation
• Localization
• Mast Cell Activation
• Cell Differentiation
• Basophil Activation
• Wound Healing
• Cell Adhesion

• Cell Proliferation
• Endothelial Cell Activation
• Anaphylaxis
• Proteolysis
• Hypersensitivity
• Protein Secretion
• Reverse Transcription

PTMs

• Cleavage
• Phosphorylation
• Methylation

• Biotinylation
• Reduction
• Citrullination

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/Il33

Best Uses of the IL-33 Marker

The IL-33 marker is a proinflammatory cell cytokine, an intracellular nuclear factor, which is present in the majority of human tissues. While it isn't permitted to be used as a clinical diagnostic tool but it can help to predict the response of patients to RTX treatment. Continue reading to find out more about the IL-33 marker and its use in a variety research applications. Listed below are some of the most beneficial uses for the IL-33 marker.

The cytokine IL-33 is proinflammatory.

The hormone IL-33, which is a proinflammatory is a hormone that stimulates the activity of a variety of proteins in the body. Although its nuclear distribution makes it difficult for the body to detect, the role of IL-33 in the progression and development of many cancers has been investigated. Cisplatin, as an example has been found to increase the entire length of IL-33 production. In cancer patients however the Cisplatin-induced AKI results in an increased level of IL-33, with an increase in the amount of IL-33 that is present in the bloodstream.

Although IL-33 is not an active cytokine that fights inflammation it is a key factor in the development and progression of cutaneous inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It stimulates mast cells, basophils, and stimulates cells of ILC2 to produce the IL-5 and IL-13. It is interesting to note that IL-33 is also a potent stimulator for IL-4 which stimulates the proliferation of ILC2s which in turn boosts IL-13 production. In addition, IL-4 may be associated with a decrease in the Claudin-1 (another cytokine involved in the development of AD).

IL-33 stimulates type 2 responses by activating regulatory T cells as well as Th2 cells. The inhibitor cicaprost (a synthetic compound produced by PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ) blocks IL-33-induced Th2 cell growth and type 2 cytokine production but this effect is only temporary. More research is needed to determine if IL-33 has an effect on other subsets of CD4+ T cells.

IL-33 stimulates Th2 responses in BALB/c mice. In the study mice were sensitized with ovalbumin, and then exposed to aerosolized OVA l percent (vlv) for 3 weeks. In naive murine lung slices AHRs were measured. IL-33 significantly increased AHR to MCh (a methacholine like substance).

It is an intracellular nuclear fact

Interleukin IL-33 is an extracellular cytokine, regulates the expression of genes in the endothelial cell. It binds to NF-kB's promoter p65 and increases NFKB gene expression, which in turn increases the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In addition, nuclear IL-33 is an effective stimulator of monocyte adhesion, both in TNF-a-stimulated and basal conditions.

IL-33 is distinguished by a variety of molecular characteristics that are a part of its biological activity. The protein is oxidized after release into the environment outside of the cell. It becomes inactive within 2 hours due to the oxidation process of four cysteine atoms, resulting in the formation of two disulfide bridges, and the removal of a receptor-binding interfacing. The mutations of these four cysteine residues increase the IL-33's activity in humanized mice. It is important to know that lower levels of IL-33 are found in sputum samples of asthma patients with moderate to severe asthma.

IL-33 plays a role in tissue repair, in addition to its role as an immune regulator. IL-33 is responsible for Treg cell expansion and effector functions as well as an important role in maintaining ILC2 activity and M2 macrophage polarization. Fibrosis is linked to inadequate repair of tissues. However, IL33 has been discovered to have a repair role in spinal cord injury. Furthermore, mice that were knocked out of the IL-33 receptor had a decrease in oligodendrocytes as well as an increase in IL33-dependent cell migration.

IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines. It is produced by epithelial and endothelial and fibroblast-like types of cells. It functions as an alarmin by activating immune cells. It regulates various physiological processes, including the distribution of ST2L receptors. Thus, IL-33 is a powerful stimulator of inflammation and is a key player in innate immunity.

It could help predict the an improvement in the clinical response to RTX

Recent research suggests that the levels of IL33 in serum could be used to predict clinical response to RTX. A solid-phase ELISA test can detect this marker. The lower limit of detection for this test was 6.25 pg/mL. Researchers also examined serum IgG levels and anti-CCP antibodies. The highest serum IgG levels were defined when they are greater than 12.7g/L.

Patients who have stable doses of methotrexate and patients with erosive diseases were included in the study. All patients were included in SMART even though they were unable to respond to TNF inhibitors or to tolerate them. Patients received RTX as two 1000-mg infusions on days one and fifteen, along with their usual medications, including Acetaminophen and methylprednisolone. Due to the availability serum samples for IL33 analysis the study comprised 111 patients.

The IL-33 protein is a protein that binds the ST2 membrane receptor, which is a part of the superfamily toll-like/IL-1. It also interacts with IL1 receptor accessory protein, or IL1RAcP. IL1RAcP is a co-receptor and has five helices located on the cytosolic end of the protein.

It is for research use only.

RUO (Research Use Only) Reagents are intended to be used by only qualified individuals in medical laboratories. Doctors and scientists can occasionally conduct research however their primary purpose is to develop new treatments. In spite of this, it's essential to recognize that RUO Reagents are not medical devices, since their purpose is research. By labeling the product with RUO, manufacturers can avoid risk of liability for medical devices that do not comply with safety or quality requirements.

Medical devices that are sold in Canada, despite the "For Research Use Only" label are subject to other requirements. This includes those that pertain to testing pilot or surveillance. Devices marked "FOR research only" are not permitted for screening, diagnostic, clinical trials, or for piloting purposes. They are also not used commercially or used for commercial purposes. Therefore, they are deemed illegal imports.