HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G (HLA-G)

Isoform 1: Non-classical major histocompatibility class Ib molecule involved in immune regulatory processes at the maternal-fetal port (PubMed:23184984, PubMed:29262349, PubMed:19304799). In complicated with B2M/beta-2 microglobulin binds a restricted repertoire of nonamer self-peptides derived from intracellular proteins including histones and ribosomal proteins (PubMed:7584149, PubMed:8805247).

Peptide-bound HLA-G-B2M complex functions as a ligand for inhibitory/activating KIR2DL4, LILRB1 and LILRB2 receptors on uterine immune cells to promote fetal development whilst preserving maternal-fetal tolerance (PubMed:23184984, PubMed:29262349, PubMed:16366734, PubMed:19304799, PubMed:20448110, PubMed:27859042). Upon interaction with KIR2DL4 and LILRB1 receptors on decidual NK cells, it activates NK cell senescence-associated secretory phenotype as a molecular switch to promote vascular remodeling and fetal growth in early pregnancy (PubMed:23184984, PubMed:29262349, PubMed:16366734, PubMed:19304799).