Hexokinase-2 Antibodies

Hexokinase-2 (HK2)

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	HK2
Uniprot:	P52789
Entrez:	3099

Family

Belongs to:
hexokinase family

Alternative Names

DKFZp686M1669; EC 2.7.1; Hexokinase 2; Hexokinase type II; HK2; HKII; HXK2; Muscle form hexokinase; muscle

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
102.38 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	2p12
Sequence:	2; NC_000002.12 (74834126..74893359)

Tissue Specificity

Predominant hexokinase isozyme expressed in insulin-responsive tissues such as skeletal muscle.

Subcellular Localizations

Mitochondrion outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasm, cytosol. The mitochondrial-binding peptide (MBP) region promotes association with the mitochondrial outer membrane (PubMed:29298880). The interaction with the mitochondrial outer membrane via the mitochondrial-binding peptide (MBP) region promotes higher stability of the protein (PubMed:29298880). Release from the mitochondrial outer membrane into the cytosol induces permeability transition pore (PTP) opening and apoptosis (PubMed:18350175).

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Prostate
• Prostatic Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Hyperplasia
• Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
• Carcinoma
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Adenocarcinoma

• Prostatic Diseases
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Hypoxia
• Kidney Diseases
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Cell Invasion

Interacting Proteins

• MAGEA12
• Src
• TIGAR
• UBQLN1

Pathways

• Glycolysis
• Cell Proliferation
• Secretion
• Cell Death
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Cycle
• Localization
• Cell Growth
• Angiogenesis
• Transport
• Reverse Transcription
• Transdifferentiation
• Proteolysis

• Virulence
• Mitosis
• Methylation
• Cell Adhesion
• Cell Migration
• Tropism
• S Phase

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage
• Methylation
• Biotinylation

• Demethylation
• Reduction
• Glycosylation
• Acetylation

• Oxidation

Research Areas

• Cell Cycle and Replication

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/HK2

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The HK2 Marker

The Hexokinase-2 (HK2) reagent is an important reagent for cell counting and targeted gene therapy. It is an enzyme involved in the first step of glycolysis. If you're interested in learning how to use the HK2 reagent, read on to learn how it works and how you can benefit from it. Boster has many applications for the HK2 reagent, including cancer research.

Hexokinase-2 (HK2) is a key enzyme of the first step in glycolysis

HK2 is an essential component of the hexosamine pathway in the metabolism of glucose. The enzyme plays an important role in the first step of glycolysis and is upregulated in many cancer cells. The enzyme's expression correlated with TTP levels in cancer cells. Furthermore, increased TTP levels decreased HK2 expression, while inhibition of TTP enhanced HK2 activity in cancer cells.

Hexokinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates glucose. The enzyme is found in the liver, pancreas, hypothalamus, and small intestine and plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism. It serves as a glucose sensor and increases or decreases glycogen synthesis in response to changes in ambient glucose levels. It is important to note that hexokinase is not the same as glucokinase, which is 50 times more active.

HK2 is associated with metastatic potential of breast cancer cell lines. Using syngeneic mice, 4T1 shHK2 cells were injected into the fourth mammary fat pad. The mice were euthanized when the primary tumors reached the same size. At the end of the study, the lungs were examined for lung metastases. HK2 knockdown significantly reduced the number of lung metastases in lungs transplanted into mice. This decrease was statistically significant, with averages of 28 lung metastases in the control 4T1 tumors compared to four lung metastases for shHK2 cells.

Hexokinase-2 is essential for the initial step of glycolysis. In mice, HK2 is required for the first step of glycolysis, but the activity of HK2 is not fully understood. The protein is regulated by several factors. GSK3b, a critical regulator of energy metabolism, inhibits HK2 by phosphorylating it. During glycolysis, the enzyme releases phosphorylated glucose to the cells.

It is a novel therapeutic platform against cancer

The development of oncolytic viral therapies and cancer immunotherapy is one of the most promising new therapeutic platforms against cancer. The two types of therapeutics have only been studied in preclinical models, but further engineering of the viral components may improve their interactions and ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches. While Western Oncolytics has a financial interest in the company, the other authors report no conflicts of interest. In this article, we will briefly discuss the latest advances in these therapeutic platforms.

TRACTION is a cancer drug discovery platform that has been designed to accelerate the development of new cancer medicines. It was developed to address the traditional problems associated with oncology drug discovery. The platform facilitates collaborative research and ultimately brings novel treatment options to patients. The team behind this program includes MD Anderson physicians, researchers, and drug discovery scientists. These researchers are guided by the expertise of MD Anderson physicians to ensure that TRACTION-driven oncology research is a valuable asset for patients.

It is a powerful reagent for targeted gene therapy

The Boster Bio HK2 Marker is an effective tool for targeted gene therapy in a variety of cancers. The company has developed a lentiviral vector that contains the HK2 gene and a siRNA corresponding to the NC sequence. The HK2 Marker is a powerful reagent that is ideal for the development of targeted gene therapy in a number of cancers, including lung, prostate, and ovarian cancers.

In this study, total RNA was isolated from HK2 cells and kidney cortex. 500 ng of total RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA and analysed using the SYBR Green I Kit. To normalize the expression of each gene, GAPDH was used as a reference gene. Relative gene expression was determined using a two-Ct method. Primer sequences were described in Supplementary Table S1.

This recombinant clone is highly effective in determining the function of HK2 in cancer. HK2 regulates EZH2 expression in the prostate, and its over-expression inhibits glycolytic activity in prostate cancer cells. It also inhibits cell cycle progression and promotes the development of tumor-suppressor cells. In addition to being an effective tool for targeted gene therapy, Boster Bio HK2 Marker can also be used to detect the expression of miR-181b.

HK2 is highly expressed in CRPC, androgen-dependent prostate cancers. It inhibits aerobic glycolysis and cell colony formation, and in nude mouse tumor xenografts, inhibition of HK2 significantly slowed tumor growth. Furthermore, this reagent has been shown to inversely regulate miR-181b and HK2 gene expression.

It is a powerful reagent for cell counting

Boster Bio HK2 Marker is an effective reagent for cell counting, which helps researchers perform sensitive colorimetric assays. Its robust features enable researchers to determine the percentage of viable cells in cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Boster also validates every lot to ensure reproducibility and high quality. Its unique properties include a small amount of background and an extremely high sensitivity.

It is a powerful reagent for targeted gene therapy for PCA

The HK2 Marker has become a powerful reagent for targeted gene therapies in PCA. It is an acetylated form of the histone H3 molecule that has been shown to enhance transcription in cells. The acetylated form of this histone molecule is also highly sensitive to the AR ligand. In addition, this acetylated form of histone H3 is highly conserved. In addition to its high affinity to AR ligand, HK2 also enhances gene expression.

This recombinant gene can inhibit the expression of various genes in the tumor microenvironment. The findings from this study will aid in developing a reliable prognostic reagent for PCA. Furthermore, it will lay the foundation for novel therapeutic strategies that can target PCa-related CSCs. This new reagent for targeted gene therapy for PCA can also be used to target a subset of CSCs that initiate metastasis and induce tumor growth.

Furthermore, this reagent targets a gene that controls ER storage. This gene is involved in prostate carcinogenesis and has thus been identified as a potential target for targeted gene therapy for PCa. However, research is needed to confirm the role of HK2 Marker in PCa. In this case, TRPM8 is the most powerful reagent to test the therapeutic effects of targeted gene therapies.

Using the HK2 Marker as a reagent for targeted gene therapy for PCa is a promising approach to advancing the field of PCa. The HK2 Marker is highly methylated in the cells of androgen-independent PCa. It has been shown that PCa cells with high acetylation and methylation levels respond to AR-mediated gene therapy.