GAR1 Antibodies

H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit 1 (GAR1)

Required for ribosome biogenesis and telomere maintenance. Part of this H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (H/ACA snoRNP) complex, which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA.

This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is then attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Each rRNA can contain up to 100 pseudouridine ("psi") residues, which may function to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	GAR1
Uniprot:	Q9NY12
Entrez:	54433

Family

Belongs to:
GAR1 family

Alternative Names

GAR1 ribonucleoprotein homolog (yeast); H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit 1; NOLA1member 1 (H/ACA small nucleolar RNPs); Nucleolar protein family A member 1; snoRNP protein GAR1

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
22.348 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	4q25
Sequence:	4; NC_000004.12 (109815510..109824737)

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus, Cajal body. Also localized to Cajal bodies (coiled bodies).

Diseases

• Dyskeratosis Congenita
• Dyskeratosis
• Pancytopenia
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy
• Muscular Atrophy
• Atrophy
• Multiple Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency
• Classical Galactosemia
• Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Infectious Mononucleosis
• X-linked Dyskeratosis Congenita
• Neuromuscular Diseases

• Premature Aging Syndrome
• Telomere Shortening
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Aplastic Anemia
• Osteoporosis
• Hematological Disease
• Ectopic Tissue

Pathways

• Localization
• Methylation
• Ribosome Biogenesis
• Cell Growth
• Rna Processing
• Transport
• Telomere Maintenance
• Rrna Processing
• Pseudouridine Synthesis
• Chromatin Remodeling
• Rna Modification
• Aging
• Snorna Transcription

• Cell Cycle Arrest
• Cytokinesis
• Cell Division
• Asymmetric Cell Division
• Mrna Splicing
• Rna Transport
• Cell Cycle

PTMs

• Methylation
• Cleavage

• Phosphorylation
• Biotinylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/GAR1

The Best Uses Of The GAR1 Marker

Boster Bio can supply high affinity primary antibodies as well as secondary antibodies for your needs. They also offer ELISA kits to measure your results. The GAR1 marker is an enzyme that is vital for the biogenesis and maintenance of telomeres. The enzyme is responsible for pseudouridylation. This is the isomerization and attachment of uridine to C5 in the ribose molecular. Pseudouridine can help stabilize the conformation.

Boster Bio's High-Alignity Primary Antibodies

ELISA with a high affinity antibody is one of best ways to determine if a particular protein is bound to a specific receptor. While this approach can be cumbersome, high-affinity antibodies can quickly and accurately detect proteins present in crude preparations. These high-affinity antibody are also useful in determining if cells have been infected with a particular receptor.

High affinity antibodies are not always desirable. High affinity antibodies can make separating the antigen and antibody difficult, which may lead to harsh elution or denaturing methods. However, high affinity antibodies are often the best choice for research and diagnostic applications, as they allow researchers to ask more questions about a specific antigen. These antibodies are also more useful in obtaining relevant data and more reliable answers.

Secondary antibodies

If you have chosen to use GAR1 marker for your secondary antibodies, the possibilities are nearly endless. Your experiments and how long you need to keep your secondary antibodies safe will determine which options are best for you. Invitrogen has both ready-to use liquid and dry salt formats. Visit the dedicated Secondary antibodies webpage to learn more about each option.

When used for immunohistochemistry, secondary antibodies use a pooled population of immunoglobulins from a target species. A goat immunized using mouse IgG will produce goat antibodies against mice that are compatible with all IgG classes, fragments, and isotypes. Conversely, goats immunized using mouse IgG1 antibodies can produce goat antimouse antibodies that only recognize that specific protein.

Secondary antibodies using the GAR1 marker are available in both liquid and dry forms. The liquid versions of the antibodies are easy to aliquot and can be stored for many years. Lyophilized products may experience performance loss and may need testing dilutions. The latter is best suited for sensitive, non-reactive applications such as immunohistochemistry. The primary antibody is very specific and it is important that you choose the correct secondary antibody.

Primary antibodies are usually affinity purified. Although affinity-purified antibodies offer the least non-specific binding, they may contain high affinity antibodies. They can be useful in situations where there is no or little antigen. There is a high chance of false positives when using conjugated primary antibodies. These antibodies must be carefully optimized due to cross-reactivity.

An immunoblot is a reliable and easy way to confirm primary antibody specificity. The secondary antibody is produced by using tissue from an animal that has the desired antigen. Secondary antibodies using the GAR1 marker are produced using the GAR1 gene as a control. This marker can be used in conjunction with immunoblots for the testing of primary antibodies against antigens.

ELISA kits

ELISA kits for the GAR1 protein marker are a convenient way to measure GAR1 levels in biological samples. These kits allow researchers test the concentrations of GAR1 for different samples, such serum, plasma and tissue homogenates. These kits are convenient, easy-to-use, and require little hands-on experience. The ELISA detection technique is based upon enzyme-substrate reactions. This makes it easy to obtain the readouts in a short time. However, the ELISA technique is not without its limitations. The results may not always be accurate and the readouts might be only temporary. This method is not able quantify GAR1 levels accurately in biological samples. Therefore, it is not always suitable for research.

An ELISA kit for competitive testing uses a labeled, not a primary, antigen. The labeled immunogen competes against the sample antigen for binding with the labeled antibody. This results is a higher signal. The test takes less than two hours and includes validated antibodies pairs and standards. A second type, called competitive ELISA, uses a labeled protein in a competition to the antigen found in a sample. The labeled antigen competes with unlabeled corticosterone present in the sample. In this case, the signal is inversely proportional the level unlabeled.

The quality of an ELISA kit for the GAR1 proteins is marked by its high stability. This refers to the rate at which activity is lost during the test. A kit should be able to maintain a loss rate of no more than five percent within the recommended storage conditions and expiration dates. It is important to monitor lab conditions and operate procedures carefully. Samples should be obtained only from one source. The same person should conduct a whole-assay. The end-user should also determine the optimal dilutions.

An ELISA kits is a useful tool in medical care and scientific research. It provides rapid and precise results that allow medical professionals assess the presences of different molecules in different samples. Unlike Western blots, ELISA kits can measure the concentration of a specific analyte in crude preparations. The GAR1 marker is a common protein in the blood of humans and animals. Many ELISA kits can detect this protein.

GAR1 Marker

Dyskerin is encoded by the GAR1 gene. Its interaction with GAR1 is mediated by a small hydrophobic stretches of residues (SIMs), which form an extended b-strand backbone. Sims are noncovalently associated to SUMO moieties and facilitate interaction between protein-protein. GAR1 lacks SIM motif in lower eukaryotes as well as archaea.

Gar1 is essential for Cbf5's RNA dependent activity. GAR1 is essential for archaeal 23S rRNA. It positions your thumb to access the Cbf5 activate site. The interaction with Gar131 or Nop10 improves the kinetics and efficiency of the reaction. It is also a key component in the architecture of H/ACA RNP.

This marker acts like a molecular switch between two catalytic centers. It modulates catalytic state states, which facilitates loading and placing substrate RNA. It also facilitates the release of modified RNA. GAR1 plays a variety of functions, including regulating mRNA synthesis. Numerous studies have shown that GAR1 modulates RNA synthesis and mediates nuclear entry.