CD81 antigen Antibodies

CD81 antigen (CD81)

May be involved in the acrosome reaction (By similarity). May play an important role in the regulation of lymphoma cell development (PubMed:1695320, PubMed:2398277).

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CD81
Uniprot:	P60033
Entrez:	975

Family

Belongs to:
tetraspanin (TM4SF) family

Alternative Names

CD81 antigen (target of antiproliferative 1); CD81 antigen; CD81 molecule; CD81; CVID6; TAPA1; TAPA-1; Target of the antiproliferative 1; Tetraspanin-28; TSPAN28; Tspan-28; tspan-28,26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1; TSPAN28S5.7

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
25.809 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	11p15.5
Sequence:	11; NC_000011.10 (2376177..2397419)

Tissue Specificity

Hematolymphoid, neuroectodermal and mesenchymal tumor cell lines.

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Associates with CLDN1 and the CLDN1-CD81 complex localizes to the basolateral cell membrane.

Diseases

• Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis
• Liver Carcinoma
• Tissue Adhesions
• Virus Diseases
• Hepatitis C, Chronic
• Hepatitis, Chronic
• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Liver Diseases
• Carcinoma
• Hiv Infections
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes

• Liver Neoplasms
• Lymphoma
• Liver Cirrhosis
• Infective Disorder
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Inflammation
• Cell Invasion

Interacting Proteins

• ADAM10

Pathways

• Immune Response
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Activation
• Localization
• Cell Adhesion
• Cell Proliferation
• Secretion
• Endocytosis
• Tropism
• Cell Motility
• Cell Migration
• Transport
• Membrane Fusion

• Glycosylation
• Viral Replication
• T Cell Activation
• Cell Growth
• Rna Interference
• Cytokine Production
• B Cell Activation

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Glycosylation
• Cleavage
• Palmitoylation
• Methylation
• Reduction

• Ubiquitination
• Biotinylation
• Oxidation
• Acetylation
• Dephosphorylation
• Prenylation

Research Areas

• Adaptive Immunity
• Cell Cycle and Replication
• Immunology

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CD81

Best Uses of the CD81 Marker

There are many options available in the event that you're trying to find the most effective antibody to identify CD81 in the cell-culture system. Super Vision Detection kits and an Anti-rabbit CD81 antibody are among the options. We'll look at the best uses of these kits and how to use them in the clinical setting. To find the best CD81 antibody, read this article and contact Boster Bio to order one.

Boster Bio

Human extracellular vesicles are typically isolated from cells by using EasySep (tm) Positive Selection Kits. These kits utilize Tetrameric Antibody Complexes to recognize the CD81 protein found in human extracellular vesicles. The EVs can then be utilized in downstream applications. Below are the top applications of CD81. Here are just a few of the possibilities.

To determine CD81, first the LEL was obtained from yeast. This LEL is particularly expressed in the full-length CD81 variant. The second stage was the creation of an intermediate screening method. The LELs were expressed under strict quality control using mammalian folding machines. The resultsantigen binding EVs were rapidly enriched.

CD81 could be more potent than other antibodies against B cell lymphoma, as a target. It has been demonstrated that it is extensively expressed in lymphomas making it a good candidate for an immunotherapy. While CD81 isn't found on red blood cells, platelets or granulocytes, it is abundantly expressed on B-cell lymphoma. The CD81-targeted antibody is designed to target tumor cells using greater levels of these antigens.

One study has shown that CD81 regulates retrograde as well as adhesion dependent by integrin on cell fronts. CD81-/ BM-DCs were placed in a CCL19 gradient with a covered with fibronectin. The resultant EVs had high yields and were free of syntenin Alix, and TSG101. Further analysis revealed that the EVs were cup-shaped.

CD81 is an essential part of DC Chemotaxis. It also facilitates the movement of DCs in two-dimensional environments. The formation of lamellipodia is dependent on the CD81 molecule. However regardless of its importance, it is not necessary for the migration of B-cells. This molecule is also essential in the field immuno-oncology. Human immune cells express the tetraspanin molecular.

Anti-rabbit CD81 antibody

The Anti-rabbit CD81 antibody from Boter Bio is designed for use in immunogold-based labeling of cell surface CD81. It shows two distinct populations, each with distinct spatial distributions. These microdomains may be tetraspanin-enriched. This suggests an equilibrium dynamic for the CD81 protein. The results are in line with the hypothesis that two distinct populations of CD81 are present on the plasma membrane.

The protein is able to bind to both human and mouse mAbs. Boster Bio's Anti-rabbit CD81 antibody recognizes both human and mouse versions of the protein. The company has a selection of anti-CD81 antibodies as as the reagents. The company can also offer custom services and delivery of beNeLux. The antibody is available for research and development. For more information, contact Sanbio.

The company is located in Wuhan, China. It provides various reagents that can be used for analyzing cell cultures that have been cultured using this anti-CD81 antibody. Molecular markers are an essential instrument in immunohistochemical methods. Boster Bio uses only the best quality materials and has an excellent customer service. Anti-rabbit CD81 is made by a company located in Wuhan, China. The product is tested for flow cytometry and Western Blot after it is purchased. Anti-rabbit CD81 antibody, a high-quality and safe anti CD81 antibody, is well worth the price.

The manufacturer of Anti-rabbit CD81 antibodies, Boster Bio, is an established leader in the research industry. Boster Bio has a vast range of antibodies including IHC-optimized polyclonal antibody and picogram-sensitivity ELISA kits. The antibodies are tested against 250 samples of tissue. The antibodies are also validated quantitatively for use with IHC, WB and ELISA assays.

Super Vision Detection kits

The detection of proteins in biological fluids and cells is a vital aspect of molecular biology. Boster Bio provides innovative detection kits that allow scientists to detect the presence of specific proteins in biological samples. These kits include EZ SetTM ELISA, a convenient ELISA method, and a proprietary detection system called a Primary-Secondary-ABC (PS-ABC). These chemistry-based methods have a variety of benefits, including a low background and high specificity.

Clinical applications

Prognostic value has been determined through the examination of the expression levels of CD81 in blood tumors. Its clinical utility is currently being tested in patients suffering from CLL, multiple myeloma and de novo AML. CLL patients could also benefit from CD81 expression as a minimal residual disease marker. A group of 134 patients receiving intensive chemotherapy was evaluated for the expression of CD81. The results prove that CD81 expression is an important indicator in predicting outcomes for patients.

The CD81 marker has important applications in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The virus is thought to be responsible for affecting 3% of the global population. It is also a cause of cryoglobulinemia and liver diseases. Pileri and his coworkers (1998) discovered that HCV binds with CD81 through its envelope protein E2. This protein is located on the major extracellular loop of CD81. Antibodies to CD81 also hinder HCV binding to cells.

There is ample evidence to support the use of the CD81 marker for cancer diagnosis. Vences-Catalan showed that CD81 is predominant in tumor cells. In addition that targeting CD81 could reduce the fusion of metastatic colon carcinoma cells, thereby increasing their sensitivity to chemical agents. CD81 is also involved in hematopoiesis, which allows hematopoietic stem cells to enter quiescence. Although it is important in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, CD81 expression in other cancers is largely insignificant.

It is not known if CD81 has any prognostic value for MM. At the time of diagnosis, 230 patients were examined in the Groupo Espanol de Mieloma trial (GEM05). In addition, 56 patients who had high-risk smoldering MM were included in the study. CD81 expression was associated to a poor prognosis for patients with MM.

Protocol IHC

The IHC protocol for the CD81 marker is an effective method for analyzing the role of regulatory T cells. It is interesting to note that this marker has been discovered to be functionally affected in mice that have been depleted of CD81. This finding has important implications for the future of CD81 immunohistochemistry. Although this marker is extensively used, a thorough understanding of its function in liver cells is essential for optimizing the technique.

CD81 is involved in many biological processes in the liver. It is also present in the Plasmodiumsporozoites. It acts as a receptor for a subset of proteins that facilitate their entry into the liver. Recent studies have revealed that Plasmodium and HCV depend on various kinds of CD81-mediated interactions for entry into liver cells. Consequently, we have seen that CD81 is a comprehensive system within human liver cells.

The expression of CD81 is elevated in activated T cells, and is a key factor in the functions of these cells. A study on mice with bowel diseases caused by TNBS (TNBS-induced colitis) found that treatment with anti-CD81 antibodies decreased the histological changes that occurred in their colons and altered blood inflammation markers. Anti-CD81-treated mice also saw a decrease in weight and CD81-positive CD81-positive stem cells. These findings suggest that CD81-positive T cells are associated with the resetting of the inflammatory lymphocytes in colitis.

It was interesting to observe that CD9 expression was linked to poor prognosis for breast and lung cancers but not GIST. Low CD9 expression was associated with lower median OS and 1-year survival, however it was not statistically significance. Nonetheless, there may be technical issues with CD9 staining at metastatic sites. To obtain a more precise result, we performed IHC on biopsies collected from metastatic sites twice.