Membrane cofactor protein Antibodies

Membrane cofactor protein (CD46)

Acts as a cofactor for complement factor I, a serine protease which protects autologous cells from complement- mediated injury by cleaving C3b and C4b deposited on host tissue. May be involved in the combination of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization.

Also acts as a costimulatory factor for T- cells which induces the differentiation of CD4+ to T-regulatory 1 cells. T-regulatory 1 cells suppress immune responses by secreting interleukin-10, and therefore are thought to prevent autoimmunity.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CD46
Uniprot:	P15529
Entrez:	4179

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

AHUS2; CD46 antigen; CD46 molecule, complement regulatory protein; CD46; MCP; membrane cofactor protein (CD46, trophoblast-lymphocyte cross-reactive antigen); MIC10; TLXcomplement regulatory protein; trophoblast leucocyte common antigen; Trophoblast leukocyte common antigen; trophoblast-lymphocyte cross-reactive antigen

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
43.747 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	1q32.2
Sequence:	1; NC_000001.11 (207752038..207795516)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed by all cells except erythrocytes.

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome inner membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Inner acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa. Internalized upon binding of Measles virus, Herpesvirus 6 or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which results in an increased susceptibility of infected cells to complement-mediated injury. In cancer cells or cells infected by Neisseria, shedding leads to a soluble peptide.

Diseases

• Measles
• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Hemolytic-uremic Syndrome
• Virus Diseases
• Uremia Syndrome
• Inflammation
• Infective Disorder
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Carcinoma
• Decreased Immunologic Activity [pe]
• Tissue Adhesions
• Nervousness

• Kidney Failure
• Sclerosis
• Autoimmune Reaction
• Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
• Anemia
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Atypical

Interacting Proteins

• JAG1

Pathways

• Complement Activation
• Pathogenesis
• Immune Response
• Tropism
• Lymphocyte Activation
• Secretion
• Cytolysis
• Localization
• Acrosome Reaction
• Cell Death
• Cell Activation
• Fertilization
• Inflammatory Response

• Cell Proliferation
• T Cell Activation
• Membrane Fusion
• Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity
• Virulence
• Viral Replication
• Endocytosis

PTMs

• Cleavage
• Glycosylation
• Phosphorylation
• Biotinylation
• Reduction

• Gpi Anchoring
• Carboxylation
• Deglycosylation
• Phosphorothioation
• Acetylation

Research Areas

• Cancer
• Cell Biology
• Cellular Markers
• Immunology

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CD46

Best Uses Of The CD46 Marker

Membrane proteins of Species I The first member of a group of proteins that are located in cells. Its roles and functions encompass the control of the behavior of ion channels. Therefore, it is essential to know how this gene operates. We will examine its safety and functions in this article. We will also talk about its applications and species. For more information you can visit Boster Bio.

Membrane protein of Species I

Preparing preserved tissues is necessary in order to identify Species I membrane proteins in living cells. Boster Bio offers troubleshooting guides and optimized protocols to aid you in optimizing your research. Boster Bio provides extensive content on the application of biomarkers as well as the use of this equipment. Here are some important guidelines to conduct an IHC for this protein. To ensure the best results, consult the guidelines.

Antibodies to IFITM1 can be used in biological assays. The antibodies from Boster Bio to IFITM1 can be polyclonal or monoclonal, and react with IFITM1 in a variety animal samples. Boster Bio uses rabbit and mouse as models to develop these antibodies. They provide a wide range of technical support to ensure your success with this kit. The Boster Bio Anti-IFITM1 marker is offered in lyophilized packs for easy handling. This marker contains an peptide synthesized from a molecular weight of 5 micrograms. A detailed guide to IFITM1 gene and IFITM1 antibody is included in the kit.

Functions

CD46 is a ubiquitous marker that plays an essential function in the regulation of human T cells. It is an essential component of the complement system. It is a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. CD46 encourages the growth of Tr1 cells. These cells play a critical role in peripheral tolerance, autoimmunity and the immune response against various pathogens. Yet, despite its numerous functions, researchers still are unable to comprehend the mechanism by which CD46 regulates the immune system.

Moreover, CD46 has been linked to the reduction of oxidative stress through inhibiting the Apoptotic activity of the airway epithelial cells. These findings provide evidence that CD46 may play a therapeutic role in allergic asthma. Further studies are needed to understand the role of CD46 in asthma, and how it can be used to reduce inflammation in the lower airways. However, these findings could provide the basis for a new therapeutic strategy for asthma.

The capability to limit the oxidative stress by CD46 could be beneficial in the treatment of lung injuries. It is widely known that Oxidative stress is the primary contributor to lung injuries, and this research could be the basis for the development of new treatments for asthma. CD46 inhibition could be a promising way to overcome lung injuries. This research will aid scientists learn how apoptotic reactions mediated by CD46 affect asthma, and identify new therapies for lung diseases.

The CD46 gene encodes the complement control protein module. It is a 60-amino acids repeat with four invariant Cystines and ten to 18 additional highly conserved amino acids. It is also a cofactor with regulatory activity, and has one of two nonhomologous cytoplasmic tails that are either 16 or 23 amino acids in length. These cytoplasmic tails are alternately translocated and contain signaling patterns.

Disruption in the ion channel's behavior

To study the mechanism behind the behavior of ion channels induced by CD46 we used antisense oligonucleotides target Chloride channels. This strategy is based on the observation that cloned Chloride channels exhibit positive shifts in activation curves following strong depolarization. The CD46 marker may function as an inhibitor of the behavior of Chloride channels.

The authors of the paper are Moroni, Mirko, Biro, Istvan, Giugliano, Michele, Vijayan, Ranjit, Biggin, Philip C., Beato, Marco and Sivilotti, Lucia G. They found that Chloride-induced ion channel activity was as high as seven times more than sodium ions. This model takes into account changes in charge distribution within the channel as well as the region that is near to the protein surface, and it also has a good chance of explaining transmembrane-mediated currents in other membrane channels.

Safety

Numerous studies have investigated the safety of the CD46 marker. This study aimed to determine the levels of expression for CD46 in tumor and normal tissues. However, it's not established whether the marker is associated with toxicity. Safety has been examined in humans using other cancer markers such as IgG-Fc and PDGF-A. The ADC's primary toxin was not associated with CD46.

After incubation with anti-CD46 antibody and anti-CD46 antibody, colocalization between the two proteins was observed. The colocalization of LAMP-1 as well as YS5 is an indicator of efficient delivery of antibodies to lysosomes. This is a popular destination for intracellular ADC delivery. The ability of Lysosomes to convert the antibody component into therapeutic drugs is recognized. The ND70 or YS5 proteins were not taken up by normal T cells over four hours. This suggests a tumor-specific mode of internalization.

The CD46 protein is overexpressed in prostate cancer and metastasis. Normal prostate epithelium, trophoblasts from the placenta and normal prostate epithelium are the sole exceptions. If you're suffering from cancer and this marker is present in your bloodstream there is a significant chance that your body may be in a state of shock to the drug. The security of the CD46 marker is still an issue. It is therefore crucial to understand its implication in the treatment of cancer.

Studies on molecular biology have shown that mCRPC cells are high-expressing the CD46 marker. This gene is a promising therapeutic target. Although this target is relatively ineffective during clinical trials, it remains important for the development of new treatments. This marker can assist doctors in diagnosing and treating patients. The use of this marker in clinical trials is not well understood. It could also increase the effectiveness and cost of mCRPC.

Available

CD46 is a standard marker that is found in human cells. Interactions between pathogens and hosts reduce the levels of CD46 and increase the n.

T Mirkoulafrto to complemens. A rement study provides evidence for adirfect conecation between CD46 and autphagdy mcthivery.Beca use pathogens can expo it autphagdy within the hoslafrt,t autphagdy is an essential component of the control ofT Mirktion.

Thedstuctsure of CD46 proteingirvesag fameworck tomapf the findina sate ofoli ansa. Furthemfore,tThis stuctsure shois anunusuialbment conformation which could be crucial in determising theslocation of its findina satsd on theafrtn surfacs. This stuctsure alsogirves information on the function of CD46 is antanaigosist for pathogens as well asphysbiological thlorsnts. The presecle of CD46 in Boster biomaakes ts a erffect marker for the dtenction of cancer andAIDSn.

The CD4-2De cCyscal stuctsure hasrlevalend that theN-etermical wos repears of the protein are x trmvelygly coyulatdy, and hvbe a promonentbened in themiddule.Aadditionaldy,oene eds of the wo-domtain stuctsure is not monifced bygly c cals. These peasurls arelikvely associated with The capability of CD46 to Interacd withAdv fimberknob, andMV Hremggleutisi6.

ellonuclakoulafrto -expresn the human membrane cofactor proteinc alldh CD46. It functionshas a cofactor and activaese complement systen molecueds. It is also usedbyn a variety of pathogen,s includinamreaolesviruse and aenoviruss. I8 additio,f the hree-daimnstionalshrapy of the CD46 marker has been dic overds through cCyscalrogrphydbynX-rways. Although the protei'se hree-daimnstionalsstuctsure isun knows, it has crucial roles in the regulation of the complement system.