CXCR6 Antibodies

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CXCR6)

Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL16.

Used as a coreceptor by SIVs and by strains of HIV-2 and m-tropic HIV-1.

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CXCR6
Uniprot:	O00574
Entrez:	10663

Family

Belongs to:
G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

Alternative Names

Bonzo; BONZOG-protein coupled receptor bonzo; CD186 antigen; CD186; CDw186; chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6; CXCR6; CXC-R6; CXCR-6; G protein-coupled receptor; STRL33; STRL33G-protein coupled receptor STRL33; TYMSTRCD186

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
39.28 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	3p21.31
Sequence:	3; NC_000003.12 (45940688..45948354)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in lymphoid tissues and activated T cells.

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.

Diseases

• Hiv Infections
• Inflammation
• Neoplasms
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
• Tissue Adhesions
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• Carcinoma
• Atherosclerosis
• Cell Invasion
• Hepatitis

• Arthritis
• Autoimmune Reaction
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• Melanoma
• Prostatic Neoplasms

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Chemotaxis
• Secretion
• Cell Migration
• Cell Adhesion
• Tropism
• Localization
• Cell Activation
• Cell Proliferation
• Immune Response
• T Cell Migration
• Cytokine Production
• Angiogenesis

• T Cell Activation
• Cell Differentiation
• T Cell Differentiation
• Inflammatory Response
• Cell Growth
• Cell-cell Adhesion
• Regeneration

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

• Cleavage

• Reduction

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CXCR6

Best Uses of the CXCR6 Marker in HIV Research and Development

CXCR6 is a name you might have encountered in the course of researching the HIV gene. This G protein-coupled Chemokine receptor is an essential component of many antiviral medications. In this article, you'll find out the best uses of this marker in research and development. There are many companies that sell the CXCR6 antibody. It's also important to note that it's not a cure for HIV however it does serve as an effective instrument for treating and preventing HIV.

CXCR6 is a coreceptor of HIV

To be able to enter the body, HIV-1 uses a variety receptors on cells. While the primary coreceptors are CCR5 and CXCR4 HIV-2 strains make use of more receptors to infect host cells. They are characterized by their capability to use other coreceptors to get into cells. This doesn't necessarily mean that CXCR6 isn't an alternative coreceptor.

The switch to dual coreceptors occurs gradually. While HIV-2 variants that use CXCR6 are replication-competent, this transitional stage may result in the outcompetition of HIV-1 strains with a pure X4 phenotype. This is due to the fact that a change in the use of the coreceptor can occur due to sequence modifications in the viral genome. Researchers can pinpoint mutations that cause HIV-1 to switch to a different type of coreceptor and to determine how they impact the virus' immune response.

The use of the coreceptor in HIV-1 is thought to be determined by the V3 region in the envelope SU glycoprotein. CXCR4 or CCR5 could result in a higher positive net charge in the V3 region, and CCR5 may result in removal of a potential N-linked glycosylation site.

Researchers also discovered that CXCR6 is not a HIV-1 coreceptor however it is a potential candidate to be utilized in HIV treatment. The CXCR6 is a key component of the HIV-1 envelope, and can aid the immune system fight HIV. It could also play an important role in antiretroviral treatment. While X4 viruses are more prevalent than subtypes that use R5 but they are the main source of HIV-1 infection.

Other HIV-1 strains could utilize an alternative chemokine receptor known as CCR8 called TER1/TER1 to cause infection of host cells. This suggests that HIV-2-infected people might use other coreceptors in order to infect the same kind of cell. Researchers are trying to determine the significance of different molecules for HIV infection, even though CCR5 is the primary HIV coreceptor.

It is a G protein-coupled receptor for chemokines.

This receptor is part of a subfamily of G protein-coupled cytokines. G protein-coupled receptors for chemokine are vital for the production of cytokine. They can also play a vital role in the formation and maintenance of immune systems. There are many distinctions between conventional and atypical chemokine receptors.

It is widely known that chemokine receptors play an vital role in the development of cells and migration as well as immune surveillance. Research has implicated CXCR4 in a variety of types of infections and cancer. Crystal structures of CXCR4 have revealed that the receptor is a homodimer and has an ligand-binding location that is closer to the extracellular surface.

CXCR6 is expressed in various ways by cancer cells in various ways. CXCL16 is insoluble and membrane bound, and is an agent to promote cancer in various types of cancers, is one example. In fact, Chen et al. discovered that trans-membranous CXCL16 reduces BrCa movement and triggers anapoptosis. Their unpublished research also shows that CXCL16 treatment enhances BrCa metastatic potential through Src kinases and apoptosis and the process of apoptosis.

CXCR6 belongs to the A7TM chemokine receptors class. It is made up of 350 amino acids and is classified as a G chemical receptors that are protein-coupled (GPCR). Its ligands are classified according to their function and structure. GPCRs are G protein-coupled, and they communicate with traditional G proteins, whereas atypical chemokine receptors bind molecules of chemokine and act as a scavenger.

Inflammatory cytokines interact with the receptor, thereby activating the G proteins and non-Src PTKs. In addition to activating GPCRs chemokine receptors activate other GTPases, such as PI3K. Non-Src GTPases also activate Rho–GTPases , which are essential for activation of cells. ZAP70 and STATs transmit signals via Src PTKs. Chemokines are produced in higher quantities.

Although these receptors for chemokines are not typical, they are able to connect to a range of chemokines without eliciting Gai signaling. Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) might also be able elicit intracellular signaling that is G protein-independent. It binds CC Chemokine agonists but is not able to trigger G-protein signaling.

It is a receptor for HIV

Within the coreceptors of HIV, CXCR6 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the virus. It is found in numerous HIV virus isolates. These isolates are able to exploit other GPCRs and may contribute to the viral entry into the target cells of natural origin in the vivo. Other coreceptors of HIV include CCR2b, CXCR7/RDC1, and D6. GPR15.

This coreceptor works by small changes to the amino acid sequences in the V3 loop of SU glycoprotein. These changes are associated with an increased positive net charge in the V3 region and decreased glycosylation. CCR5 use is also associated with the effects of mutations in position 19's amino acid sequence. These studies, however, are contradictory.

Coreceptors for HIV-1 infection are the CC and CXC chemokine receptors for chemokines. This correlates with the progression of the disease. Other researchers have also looked into the role of other molecules as coreceptors in HIV infection. These alternative molecules could be physiologically relevant in live. They aren't clear at the moment. So, how can we be sure that CXCR6 is a coreceptor for HIV?

The glycan deficient mutant of CXCR6 in human has been identified as a candidate for therapeutic intervention. HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 Domain has glycans that reduce viral infectivity. It is also susceptible to carbohydrate binding agents. It is therefore a target for HIV-2 therapeutic intervention. Its neutralizing capability is tied to the virus's low viremia.

CCR6 was identified as one of the main coreceptors in HIV-1 clade C envelope proteins. It was first identified as a part of the HIV-1 entry mechanism. The receptor is found only in human cells, which is quite amazing. Other chemokine receptors block HIV-1 infections and could serve as the virus's primary receptors. CCR6 has been linked to HIV infection.

The HIV-2 Env structure is still unknown and the V1/V2 area is still unknown. It is important to understand that the HIV-1 Env structure is the same trimeric native form. It is therefore possible that the V1/V2 region of HIV is essential in escaping the neutralization of HIV-1. This could provide an indicator of how the virus progresses.

Many companies sell anti-CXCR6 antigens.

These antibodies target the C-X-C Chemokine receptor type 6. Other names for the gene and protein that the anti CXCR6 antibody targets might include CD186, BONZO or STRL33. The antibodies may come from canines or mouse orthologs of the C-X-C chemokine receptor.

Three mechanisms control CXCR6 expression. The first regulates cell migration and the third regulates the proliferation. It isn't known which of these mechanisms determines CXCR6 expression. The CXCR6 ligands could play a role in these processes. They do however regulate T cell migration. These antibodies can help researchers better understand the role played by CXCR6 within the immune system.