CCR4 Antibodies

C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4)

High affinity receptor for the C-C type chemokines CCL17/TARC, CCL22/MDC and CKLF isoform 1/CKLF1. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(I) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.

Can function as a chemoattractant homing receptor on circulating memory lymphocytes and as a coreceptor for some main HIV-2 isolates. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CCR4
Uniprot:	P51679
Entrez:	1233

Family

Belongs to:
G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

Alternative Names

C-C chemokine receptor type 4; C-C CKR-4; CC-CKR-4HGCN:14099; CCR4; CCR-4; CD194 antigen; CD194; chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4; chemokine (C-C) receptor 4; ChemR13; CKR4MGC88293; CMKBR4k5-5; K5-5

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
41.403 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	3p22.3
Sequence:	3; NC_000003.12 (32951555..32956349)

Tissue Specificity

Predominantly expressed in the thymus, in peripheral blood leukocytes, including T-cells, mostly CD4+ cells, and basophils, and in platelets; at lower levels, in the spleen and in monocytes. Detected also in macrophages, IL-2-activated natural killer cells and skin-homing memory T-cells, mostly the ones expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA). Expressed in brain microvascular and coronary artery endothelial cells.

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.

Diseases

• Inflammation
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Neoplasms
• Dermatitis
• Asthma
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Lymphoma
• Dermatitis, Atopic
• Hiv Infections
• Autoimmune Reaction
• Adult T-cell Lymphoma/leukemia
• Tissue Adhesions
• Allergy

• T-cell Lymphoma
• Arthritis
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
• Skin Neoplasms
• Sclerosis
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm

Interacting Proteins

• CCL17

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Chemotaxis
• Immune Response
• Secretion
• Cytokine Production
• Cell Migration
• Localization
• Translation
• Hypersensitivity
• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Activation
• Chemokine Production
• T Cell Activation

• Sensitization
• Cell Cycle
• Cell Differentiation
• Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
• T Cell Migration
• Inflammatory Response
• Cytokine Secretion

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage
• Methylation
• Ubiquitination

• Acetylation
• Demethylation
• Nitration
• Biotinylation

• Reduction

Research Areas

• Chemokines and Cytokines
• Cytokine Research
• GPCR
• Immunology
• Innate Immunity

• Signal Transduction

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CCR4

Best Uses Of The CCR4 Marker With The Boster Bio System

Although flow procedures for the Boster Bio system are difficult and time-consuming, these suggestions can help you improve your research using the CCR4 marker. The CCR4 marker is a molecule produced by effector Treg cells in the body. These sections will provide information about CCR4 and the various flow procedures that are available to the Boster bio system.

Boster Bio optimization tips

When it comes to optimizing experiments for the CCR4 marker you must be aware of your options. You can submit your results for species or applications. Boster scientists can receive credits for their research by submitting the results to these purposes. These guidelines are applicable to all scientists across the globe. They will help you choose the best sample to conduct your research and improve your experiments. If you're not sure the best method to choose then refer to the guide to optimization.

CCR4 is a marker for Treg cells that have effector cells.

The chemokine receptor CCR4 on T cells that are effectors plays a crucial role in controlling the immune system's response to illnesses. These cells are found in both healthy and inflamed tissues, are responsible for the development and maintenance of self-tolerance and allograft tolerance. It is interesting to note that degree of disease was linked with CCR4 expression on Treg cells. The receptor also is involved in the manipulation of Treg cell activity and migration. Innovative treatment options could be possible once we have better understanding of the function of CCR4 Treg cell function and expression.

Targeting Tregs can increase the protective immunity and tilt the balance in the direction of the immune system, which could result in negative effects. However there are many strategies to target Treg cells lack specificity due to the fact that Treg cells share a wide range of surface markers with effector T cells. In addition to being shared by Th2 cells, the CCR4 marker on effector T cells is also expressed on a tiny subset of Th27 cells. This means that CCR4 antagonists could inhibit the antibody response during booster immunization or block DC interaction with Th2 cells that are memory.

It is exciting to see CCR4 identified as an indicator for effector cells. This discovery opens up new possibilities for immunotherapy against cancer. It is important to continue studying the ways in which CCR4 interacts the immune system. It has also been implicated in the growth of certain cancers. CCR4 is currently being studied for clinical applications, however it is possible that the receptor could be a new therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.

This receptor is expressed on effector CD4 and naive CD4 cells. It also appears on effector CD8 T cells. However, it is not present on memory CD4 T cells that have effector memory. These cells are accountable for reducing the immune system of tumors as well as for controlling immune responses. Therefore, targeting CCR4 is an important step in optimizing tumor immunotherapy. These receptors are crucial in the development and the maintenance of antitumor immunotherapies.

CCR4 is a newly discovered receptor for chemokines. Its binding to chemokines could have important physiological and pathological consequences. It has been linked with various kinds of cancers as well as autoimmune diseases. While the exact mechanisms behind CCR4 signaling pathways are not yet understood however, it is believed that the protein plays a role in the progression and development of these diseases. There are more than 100 CCR4 receptors in the blood.

Primary antibodies with high affinity

Antibodies targeting the CCR4 marker have a variety of uses for treatment of cancer, including. These antibodies have an effective immunomodulatory effect on T cells that regulate and effector (Treg), and EoTs. In the case of cancer these antibodies inhibit Treg trafficking, enabling them to eliminate CCR4+ tumor cells and ward off the host immune response. Continue reading to learn more.

The 7-transmembrane protein structure caused affinity maturation of anti CCR4 antibodies difficult in the past. This made the selection and screening of affinity matured antibodies challenging and uncertain. However, recent developments in technologies have made this process possible. Here, we will discuss some of the most important aspects of antibodies designed using the CCR4 marker. These antibodies are highly specific and can effectively detect several antigens.

The method used to create antibodies for this purpose entails the use of vectors that express huge quantities of antibodies. The antibodies are designed for detection of CCR4 antigens in samples, disruption of its activity or both. The antibodies of this invention are especially useful for the treatment of cancer and to improve the efficiency of vaccines. They can also augment the immune system's natural response. After exposure to these antibodies, they bind to the antigen that they are targeting and their high affinity to the antigen may increase the effect of the antigen.

As stated, the detection method for the invention employs a labelled compound capable of detecting cancer cells and tumor-associated cells. The method also provides methods to determine the amount CCR4 in the sample and then comparing it to a standard, which can be a non-cancer cells. The antibody that is labeled is injected into the blood of the subject. Standard imaging techniques are used to detect the anti-CCR4 antibody.

Another method used to generate the antibody of the invention involves the use of liposomes. These are semipermeable , polymers that contain the antibody. The resulting liposomes are constructed to the desired diameter. The antibodies can also be modified to enhance their effectsor function. Cysteine residues in the Fc region of the antibody may facilitate the formation of interchain disulfide bonds, alloweunts ihantibodies fxthe imat have enhanred antiby-medociated ceus rolline anADCCod.