G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 Antibodies

G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2)

Regulatory component of the cyclin D2-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complicated and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase.

Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CCND2
Uniprot:	P30279
Entrez:	894

Family

Belongs to:
cyclin family

Alternative Names

CCND2; Cyclin D2; G1/S-specific cyclin D2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2; KIAK0002; MGC102758; Vin1

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
33.067 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	12p13.32
Sequence:	12; NC_000012.12 (4273762..4305353)

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Membrane. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes accumulate at the nuclear membrane and are then translocated into the nucleus through interaction with KIP/CIP family members.; [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasm.

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Carcinoma
• Retinoblastoma
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Multiple Myeloma
• Carcinogenesis
• B-cell Lymphomas

• Chromosomal Translocation
• Hyperplasia
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Testicular Neoplasms
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Malignant Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Intermediate Differentiation, Diffuse
• Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

Interacting Proteins

• CDK4
• CDK5
• CDKN1A
• CDKN1B

Pathways

• Cell Cycle
• Cell Proliferation
• Methylation
• S Phase
• G1 Phase
• Cell Growth
• Cell Cycle Arrest
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Death
• Cell Division
• Localization
• Cell Differentiation
• Dna Methylation

• Oncogenesis
• Neurogenesis
• Regeneration
• Regulation Of Cell Cycle
• Protein Phosphorylation
• Senescence
• Secretion

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Methylation
• Cleavage
• Demethylation
• Dephosphorylation

• Ubiquitination
• Acetylation
• Reduction
• Hydroxylation
• Deacetylation

Research Areas

• Cell Cycle and Replication
• Core ESC-Like Genes
• Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Markers
• Stem Cell Markers
• Wnt Signaling Pathway

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CCND2

Best Uses Of The CCND2 Marker From Boster Bio

Boster Bio's CCND2Marker is a good choice if your goal is to find an antibody that detects G1/S-specific cyclin–D2. The company has developed monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for this protein, and has successfully used them in numerous biological assays. The company's antibodies are produced using mouse and rabbit as model organisms.

CCND2 Marker

In this study, we used a Western blot assay to examine the expression of the CCND2 gene in xenograft tumor tissues. We found that CCND2 expression was increased in the hsa_circ_0000231-overexpressing tumor tissues. The CCND2 gene is involved in progression through cell cycle checkpoints in the G1/S and G2/M phases.

G1/S-specific cyclin D2 antibody

Boster Bio's G1/S specific cyclin D2 antibody recognizes cells in the G1/S stage. The antibody has been tested for sensitivity using WB on humanMouseRat cells. Keep it at -20C for a year. Avoid repeated freezing or thawing. The antibody has an expiration date of one year.

The ELISA kit is a good choice for detecting Cyclin D2 protein in biological samples. It is a high quality method to monitor Cyclin D2 levels in cell cultures. You can use this kit to screen for effects of different activators and treatments on cell culture. The kit can detect human Cyclin D2 within a variety biologic samples, including whole blood or serum.

The tumor T-stage was also associated with the IC53d gene. Overexpressions IC53d promoted gastric carcinoma cell proliferation, colony formation and G1/S Phase transition. This enhanced tumorigenesis and decreased patient survival in both vitro and in vivo studies. Overexpression of cyclin D1 led to increased expression of several kinases including AKT, protein kinase B and GSK3b. High levels of cyclin D1 were associated with a worse prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

Clinical applications

CCND2 encodes instructions for the creation of the cyclinD2 protein, a member in the cyclin family. Cyclin D2 regulates G1 to S transition, where cell proliferation and DNA replication occur in preparation for cell differentiation. Cyclin D2 is essential to cell division and growth, as other cyclins can affect its expression.

A study of two CCND2 polymorphisms revealed that rs3217901 (and rs3217933) had similar genetic results. The CCND2 promoter methylation levels were correlated with PBMC counts, and TNM stages in HCC sufferers. This suggests that CCND2 can be used as a marker to detect HCC. It could also be used for LC and CHB differentiation.

Overexpression of the CCND2 gene in hiPSC-CMs may increase graft size and improve myocardial recovery. It can also stimulate the proliferation of grafted cellular cells. It is a promising marker to monitor graft survival. This discovery is likely that it will open up a new world of cell therapy to many patients with heart disease.

The D-type cyclins, which play important roles for cell-cycle regulation, differentiation and malignant transformation, include the CCND2 gene. Recent studies found that CCND2 was the most hypermethylated candidate gene in cancerous tissues. Similarly, CCND2 hypermethylation was associated with poor prognosis for both Chinese and Vietnamese.

The CCND2 gene was amplified using PCR and two oligos. The resulting DNA was extracted from the 2% agrose gel, digested, and subcloned into the lenti-a-MHC plasmid. This plasmid includes the heavy chain of myosin. DAB color and amplification were used in order to determine the final score that CCND2 expression in tissues.

CCND3 hyperexpression can cause enhancer hijacking. The gene CCND3 sister to CCND2 is CCND3. Clinical applications of the CCND2 marker include the diagnosis of lymphoma and the progression of malignancies. The CCND2 genes are expressed in three areas: the CCND2 locus of tumor cells, CCNE2 locus of nonneoplastic tissues, as well as the CCND2 region on centromeric chromosome 8.

14 cases of CyclinD3 gene expression were found without CCND2 rearrangements. In the remaining cases, the gene was overexpressed in three chromosomes (chr2 and chr12) and a cryptic insertion in chr3 in case ID6. These findings were confirmed using MP-WGS analysis. The homology at breakpoint junctions was high-level.

HCC patients had lower levels of CCND2 DNA mRNA. The mRNA level in HCC patients was not significantly related to their age, as it was for the other three types of tumors. Its low expression did not correlate with HBeAg level, gender, CTP stage or tumor size. Despite these findings, the CCND2 marker is a useful marker in assessing cancer progression.