Complement C4-A Antibodies

Complement C4-A (C4A)

Non-enzymatic part of C3 and C5 convertases and thus critical for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes.

C4A isotype is accountable for effective binding to form amide bonds with resistant aggregates or protein antigens, while C4B isotype catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	C4A
Uniprot:	P0C0L4
Entrez:	720

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 2; C4; complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group); RG

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
192.785 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	6p21.33
Sequence:	6; NC_000006.12 (31982057..32002681)

Tissue Specificity

Complement component C4 is expressed at highest levels in the liver, at moderate levels in the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, thyroid gland,and the kidney, and at lowest levels in the heart, ovary, small intestine, thymus, pancreas and spleen. The extra-hepatic sites of expression may be important for the local protection and inflammatory response.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted. Cell junction, synapse. Cell projection, axon. Cell projection, dendrite.

Diseases

• Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
• Autoimmune Reaction
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Dysequilibrium Syndrome
• Inflammation
• Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-dependent
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Infective Disorder
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
• Hemolysis (disorder)
• Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Kidney Diseases
• Hyperplasia
• Hepatitis
• Adrenal Hyperplasia
• Inflammatory Response
• Hand, Foot And Mouth Disease
• Glomerulonephritis

Pathways

• Complement Activation
• Pathogenesis
• Immune Response
• Inflammatory Response
• Chemotaxis
• Secretion
• Coagulation
• Gene Conversion
• Phagocytosis
• Localization
• Glycosylation
• Fibrinolysis
• Cell Activation

• Immune Complex Clearance
• Opsonization
• Hypersensitivity
• Platelet Aggregation
• Translation
• Innate Immune Response
• Parturition

PTMs

• Cleavage
• Glycosylation
• Oxidation
• Hydroxylation
• Phosphorylation
• Demethylation

• Decarboxylation
• Acylation
• Biotinylation
• Reduction
• Acetylation
• Methylation

• Deglycosylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/C4A

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The C4A Marker

Boster Bio may interest scientists. This article will talk about the product and explain what you can expect. It will also discuss Side Effects and reactions. We will help guide you to make an informed choice about whether or not this product suits your needs. This article is for scientists from all over the world. It may help you decide whether or not it is right for you.

Positive Results

Despite positive results Lyme is still difficult to diagnose. Currently, there are no reliable immunologic markers that will accurately pinpoint a person's specific case. Shoemaker et al. Shoemaker et al. discovered that C4A levels were elevated in patients with acute Lyme Disease. These may be useful markers to diagnose this type of infection. However, these immunologic markers may also be useful for diagnosing and treating chronic Lyme disease.

The complement system is a collection proteins that can move freely through the bloodstream to activate other proteins. It can affect several blood parameters and trigger an acquired immune response. The C4A indicator measures an overactive reaction to water and biotoxins. It could be indicative of IgA neuropathy. The immune system is not yet fully aware of the effects of C4A. There are three routes that can increase C4A levels.

Schizophrenia has been linked directly to the MHC locus located on chromosome 6. Researchers are now able detect the C4A marker in peripheral tissues using ELISAs. These tests can detect both C4A marker and ApoB from peripheral tissues. These two proteins are considered to be the two most significant proteins in schizophrenia. C4A was also associated with schizophrenia according to the GWAS. ApoB was also found within the schizophrenia group.

The serum levels of C4A DesArg were positively correlated with those of patients suffering from IgA nephropathy. The signal at 8592m/z was found correlate with C4adesArg levels. It could also serve as an indicator for monitoring anti-inflammatory therapy of IgA Nephropathy. Therefore, positive results of the C4A marker are expected in the near future.

The C4A marker is often found in healthy serum. Human serum from healthy individuals was also used as positive control. Human serum containing C4adesArg, was diluted 50ml in water and applied to a CM10-chip proteinChipSELDI system. After IP, the immunoreactive protein was detected. If C4a levels exceed the threshold, positive results are obtained by the C4A marker.

Alternatives for C4A Marker

C4A, C4B and activated C4A bind differently to their respective receptors. This relationship cannot be established by sera. It is also difficult to distinguish the proteins because both proteins have been enriched in other regulatory protein. However, there are alternatives to C4A, including antibodies and peptides. These are some of the more popular options. You should carefully weigh your options.

Side effects

The C4A marker measures the immune system's response in excess to biotoxins and water damage. The C4A protein levels of patients with AIDS and Lyme disease are significantly higher than normal levels in healthy individuals. The response or lack thereof to antibiotic therapy did not affect the levels of C4a. C4a levels can be elevated in some cases. Patients should be tested for side effects such as increased blood pressure, fatigue, depression, and other side effects.

The C4A marker is an effective way to monitor the severity Lyme disease. However, it does not identify the cause of the disease. This study showed that Lyme disease and AIDS had similar C3a levels. It is important to distinguish between chronic Lyme disorder and an autoimmune disorder. In patients with AIDS, SLE, and other chronic diseases, elevated C4A levels may not suffice to diagnose Lyme Disease. In these cases, additional symptoms like musculoskeletal pains or swelling may be enough to confirm the diagnosis.

C3a, which is a general parameter of complement activation has been considered to be C4a. However, C4a was regarded as a specific marker of classical pathway activation. Complement activation can also be initiated by the lectin pathways, which involves the recognition and binding of carbohydrates to pathogens. High levels of C4a can lead to potentially fatal allergies in some patients. Although elevated C3a levels are not known to be the main cause, it is something that should be investigated.

The inverse direction of gene expression in FEP patients is also suggestive of an underlying dysregulation of complement-related genes. C4a levels were high in Lyme disease patients who had predominant neurologic symptoms. However, it isn't clear how much C4a treatment may improve the chronic Lyme disease patient's condition. This finding will be confirmed by further clinical trials.

Reactions to C4A Marker

One of the most important immunologic markers for persistent Lyme disease is C4A reactions. C4a levels have been shown to correlate with the severity of the inflammatory response. This indicates that C4a is an important biomarker. It is an indicator that C4a levels are important in determining the response of patients to antibiotic therapy. It has been shown that patients with positive and negative SPECT scans had higher C4a levels than patients without SPECT scans.

The complement system is a group of proteins that move freely through the bloodstream and work with the immune system to activate other proteins. They cause acquired immune response and affect multiple parameters of blood. The C4A indicator measures an overactive immune response to biotoxins or water damage. C4A is often not mentioned by traditional physicians in routine blood tests. The 'optimal' range may actually be very unhealthy, even though a lab report may be normal.

Recent research found that C4a levels in Lyme and SLE patients were elevated. However, these findings were not statistically significant. However, patients with chronic Lyme diseases had significantly higher levels C4a. This could indicate an increase in disease activity and treatment response. The results of this study suggest that the C4A indicator may be useful for diagnosing chronic Lyme disease.

The C4A indicator can help distinguish between chronic Lyme illness and mold exposure. Similar to Lyme disease, C4a levels can be measured before and after treatment. If the levels are stable, it's likely that the patient has CIR. Other possibilities include elevated levels that could be indicative of tick-related infections. C4A levels may also be affected by Lupus. This inflammatory marker can also be associated with autoimmune diseases, chronic fatigue syndrome, and even nephropathy.