BMP15 Antibodies

Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15)

May be involved in follicular development. Oocyte- specific growth/differentiation factor that stimulates folliculogenesis and granulosa cell (GC) growth.

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	BMP15
Uniprot:	O95972
Entrez:	9210

Family

Belongs to:
TGF-beta family

Alternative Names

BMP15; BMP-15; bone morphogenetic protein 15; GDF-9B; GDF9BODG2; Growth/differentiation factor 9B; POF4

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
45.055 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	Xp11.22
Sequence:	X; NC_000023.11 (50910735..50916641)

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Infertility
• Premature Menopause
• Turner Syndrome
• Ovarian Failure, Premature
• Female Infertility
• Pituitary Diseases
• Amenorrhea
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Neoplasms
• Congenital Abnormality
• Atresia
• Malignant Neoplasms

• Sterility
• Secondary Amenorrhea
• Anovulation
• Primary Physiologic Amenorrhea
• Disorder Of Endocrine Ovary
• Autoimmunity

Pathways

• Ovulation
• Oocyte Maturation
• Oocyte Growth
• Cell Proliferation
• Secretion
• Fertilization
• Localization
• Oocyte Development
• Meiosis
• Oogenesis
• Ovarian Follicle Development
• Embryo Development
• Cell Differentiation

• Primary Follicle Stage
• Granulosa Cell Differentiation
• Cell Development
• Mating
• Reverse Transcription
• Mitosis
• Luteinization

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage

• Glycosylation
• Dephosphorylation

• Iodination

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/BMP15

Best Uses of the BMP15 Marker

What are the Best Uses for The BMP15 markers? Use this marker to determine biological functions, antibody levels, overexpression and mutations. Continue reading for more information. Next, apply your knowledge to your research. Here are some examples that demonstrate the most effective uses of this marker. Get the Boster Bio BMP15 marker ELISA kit to get started.

Biological functions

Although BMP-15, an embryo-derived growth factor, has been implicated with cancer, its exact roles are not yet known. In the present study, we purified and evaluated BMP-15 by binding to the extracellular domain of recombinant human/mouse BMP-RII. The binding was observed at concentrations of 1.4 nM, two nM, and three nM. This indicates that BMP15 acts as an inducer of oocyte development and growth.

BMP15 plays a critical role in ovarian development and follicular growth among mammalian species. However, its regulatory role in female fertility is not clear. Animal models have been used to determine the precise role of BMP15 in ovulation and folliculogenesis. Molecular analyses of this marker will provide us with valuable insights into the regulation of female fertility. While our studies of BMP15 in mammals are in the initial stages, we will focus on its role in ovulation in sheep and mice.

In mice, the mature form of BMP15 is virtually undetectable in the ovary. This result is likely due to hampered pro-protein processing in the mouse. Humanized Bmp15 can accelerate folliculogenesis and cause a decline in the ovarian reserve. A reduced Bmp15 level in mice could also explain the polyovulatory nature wild-type mouse.

In the present study, the mRNAs for bovine BMP15/GDF9 were extracted from ovaries. GAPDH expression was normalized to the expression levels of mRNA. The results of three independent experiments were summarized, with different letters above the bars, indicating significant differences. GDF9 and BMP15, respectively, were detected in the cumulus-cells for the adult and calf.

Antibodies

Antibodies to BMP15 were created in order to detect its presence in human samples. They were raised against an artificial peptide that is close to the amino terminus for human BMP15. This antibody has been extensively validated to be used in western blotting using whole-cell lysates. It is stable for at minimum 12 months from the date of receipt. This antibody may be used in ELISA as well as flow cytometry.

Knockdown of BMP15 caused a marked decrease in mRNA and protein levels in TG. Despite the lower levels, BMP15 accumulated in TG eggs and was only slightly lower in WT. The mRNA concentration of BMP15 found in TG was approximately half the level found in WT ovaries. Tissues from TGF or other porcine tissues did not contain antibodies to BMP15.

It is not clear what role BMP15 plays in polyovulatory mammals. It is nevertheless essential in the development and maintenance of follicular and egg follicles in pork. BMP15 may play a complex regulatory role in female fertility. BMP15 can also affect the development of sperm, ovary, and follicles.

The amount found in the calf’s ovaries contained significantly less class A and B COCs than in the adult. This was confirmed by QPCR analysis. The cDNA template for the oocyte and cumulus cells was not contaminated with oocyte cDNA. BMP15, GDF9 were significantly more expressed in adult than calf eggs.

Conditions of overexpression

A leading antibody manufacturer specializing in picogram-sensitivity ELISA kits and IHC-optimized polyclonal antibodies, Boster Bio offers over 12,000 primary antibodies for a wide variety of applications. Boster Bio's ELISA products are validated against known amounts of recombinant antibodies in panels of 250 human or mouse tissues. Boster Bio's ELISA kits are also available through tebu-bio.

Antibodies against DLG4 may be purchased in rabbit or rat versions. This monoclonal antibody reacts to shaker-type potassium channel channels and regulates intracellular trafficking for ADR1B. It is a potent inhibitor of the action of NMDA receptors and the cellular activity of phosphoinositide-sensitive receptors. This antibody also inhibits synaptic polyity associated with NMDA signaling.

It is essential to inspect the product and packaging immediately upon receipt. Boster Biological Technology can be contacted immediately if the packaging is not correct. You should also report any shortages, damages or defects to the manufacturer. Keep your packaging and product at room temperature. If it isn't, do not return it. It is important that the packaging and product are intact as shipping can cause damage or loss of their integrity.

Boster Biological Technologies will replace any defective product with a brand new one. Customers must notify Boster Biological Technology of any problem with their purchase within 12 months of delivery. Boster Bio will examine the details of your protocol to determine whether the problem is protocol related or not. Boster Bio will issue a replacement or refund if the product proves to be defective. When using Boster Biological Technology products, it is important to follow all instructions.

Mutations

Mutations in BMP15 are the cause of idiopathic, premature ovarian dysfunction. These mutations occur in BMP15's prodomain region. This region cleaves dimerization and is active for the mature protein's functions. Further research into this domain will help us understand the pathogenesis behind this disease. Unintended effects may also result from mutations in these genes, such as a reduction in ovarian function.

Researchers previously identified five polymorphisms that were not causal in the BMP15 protein gene. These were c.28_30delCTT and c.302_304delCTA. The BMP15 genome is encoded using cDNA. Its sequence is NM_001114767. The ewes with heterozygous mutations resemble homozygous mutant BMP-15 ewes, which may indicate dominant negative activity.

FecXGr and FecXO are polymorphic and lead to highly prolific ewes. The FecXGr allele leads to a T317I or N337H mutation in exon 2 of the BMP15 gene. While the FecXO allele results in a homozygous allele, the heterozygous allele results in increased ovulation rate.

Two genetic studies in sheep and mice indicate that BMP15-mutations cause a defective secretion of a protein that is necessary for folliculogenesis. These studies revealed that the defective protein release is associated with an increased ovulation and not with reduced sheep sterility. Further research is needed to determine whether these two proteins can co-exist. These studies indicate that the two genes may be closely related.

Applications

The BMP15 marker is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker that amplify gene expression. It is also known that it induces the early neural marker Sox2, inhibits the ventral ectodermal mark Msx1, as well as the endodermal marker Sox17. Among the most promising applications of BMP15 is the use of this marker in human fertility studies. This paper examines the methods and applications of BMP15 to human reproduction research.

Bovine cumulus cells express the GDF9 and BMP15 markers. Molecular studies show that these two markers are expressed in different species of cattle and calves. These markers may be used in a wider variety of applications. These markers can be used to identify genetically-modified genes in bovine tissues, including oocytes of calf ovaries. A BMP15 knockdown porc model is being created for animal research.

The BMP15 genes are a part of the transforming Growth Factor-beta Family. It plays a vital role in embryonic and adult tissue homeostasis. It is only expressed in the oocyte where it may play a role in maturation. Ovarian Dysgenesis type 2 (OCD2) is actually caused when bone morphogenetic factor 15 is defective. This gene could be useful in oogenesis research.

There are many applications for the BMP15 marker. In sheep breeding, it is a major gene and a candidate marker for reproductive health. We determined the BMP15 genetic polymorphisms for 115 ewes through the PCR–RFLP procedure. Based on the number and percentage of twins and single births, the ewes were divided into high-prolificacy or low-prolificacy groups. We then extracted DNA from their blood and performed PCR-RFLP analysis. We used the HinfI restriction enzyme to cut the PCR products.