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- Table of Contents
1 Citations 6 Q&As
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Facts about Alpha-fetoprotein.
.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | AFP |
Uniprot: | P02771 |
Entrez: | 174 |
Belongs to: |
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ALB/AFP/VDB family |
AFP; Alpha-1-fetoprotein; alpha-fetoglobulin; alpha-Fetoprotein; DSCAM2; FETA; HP; HPAFP
Mass (kDA):
68.678 kDA
Human | |
---|---|
Location: | 4q13.3 |
Sequence: | 4; NC_000004.12 (73436221..73456174) |
Plasma. Synthesized by the fetal liver and yolk sac.
Secreted.
AFP is a tumor marker which is closely associated with the development of liver cancer. Its applications can be varied and it is therefore important to understand the different uses of this biomarker. This test will ultimately determine the most effective treatment for liver cancer. Read on to learn more. A Biomarker for Liver Cancer
Alpha-fetoprotein, a serum tumor marker, is closely linked to the development and progression of liver cancer. The cancer marker tracks the burden of disease in a person with the diagnosis of HCC. The patient presented with a slowly growing lung nodule which required resection. HCC was diagnosed and AFP was increased. An immunohistochemical test revealed that tumor-derived AFP was detected.
High levels of AFP are linked to an increased risk of developing liver cancer. This is due to the fact that AFP induces the expulsion of cancerous cells from immune surveillance. Therefore, AFP is a vital method for detecting HCC. AFP has a high proportion of false-positives. A cutoff of 20ng/mL is used to detect HCC. This can be used for HCC and HCV detection.
Although AFP is not used as a screening test for cancer However, it is a reliable diagnostic tool when used in conjunction with other tests. It is able to monitor the efficacy of treatment for cancer and determine if the cancer has returned. It is also a method to monitor patients with non-cancerous liver disease. The primary function of AFP is to track the progression and detection of liver cancer.
AFP levels are helpful in the screening process for liver cancer, particularly in areas where the disease is prevalent. Patients with AFP levels greater than 300 ng/mL are at a high risk of developing liver cancer. False positive results are most typically caused by AFP elevations in pregnancy. However, AFP levels should be checked carefully in patients with chronic active liver disease, cirrhosis and hemochromatosis.
The combination of serum CRP and liver stiffness could be a test that is complementary for identifying HCC in patients suffering from ANHC. It could also aid in separating LC from HCC. Combining these two tests can help in identifying HCC in patients with tumors that are AFP-negative. However clinical trials must be carried out to determine the best combination of CRP serum and AFP.
AFP is a protein produced by the liver during the growth of a newborn. AFP levels are high during pregnancy and drop to low levels when the child has reached one year. AFP levels in healthy adults are normal to low. The protein is regarded as to be a tumor marker, which means it is made by cancerous cells and normal cells in response to cancer. High levels of AFP could be a sign of HCC however, AFP levels can also be a sign of non-cancerous liver disorders.
A Phase II trial showed that a patient suffering from HCC was treated with an PD-1 inhibitor. This patient had an amazing clinical response to the removal of her tumor. The tumor was shrinking rapidly. In addition her AFP level decreased from a high of 81 ng/mL down to 42 ng/mL within six weeks. The patient's AFP level decreased to a normal amount, that was not associated with tumor growth.
A sample of your blood may be taken through a vein in your arm. The health professional will take a small amount of blood, which will be sent to a laboratory to be analyzed. This test doesn't require any special preparation. It is also risk-free and doesn't require any special instructions. Here are some of the most effective uses for AFP tumor markers. a. You may have an abnormal AFP level.
AFP is not the only cancer marker. It is also used to track the process of treatment for liver cancer. AFP can be combined with other tests to assist doctors in diagnosing cancer better. It can also help assess the effectiveness of treatment for cancer such as chemotherapy. It also assists doctors in determining whether cancer has returned after treatment. It can also be used as an examination for follow-up for patients with liver disease.
The spectrum of AFP is vast and can vary in a wide range. It has a close connection with the malignant potential of liver cancer, but it is also found in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Although AFP does not have a direct connection with MVI, high levels of AFP could be a warning indicator of the degeneration of cancerous cells. If you're thinking of using this test, be sure you know the limitations of this test and the potential risks associated with improper use.
AFP is a test for a specific type of cancer that develops in the yolk sac or liver. It is used to identify male and female cancers. It can be used to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy and to identify the recurrence or recurrence in tumors. Despite the many uses of this test, it is not a substitute for an exhaustive medical examination.
The levels of bloodstream AFP are assessed. In a test called AFP tumor marker the AFP is a protein that can help diagnose a variety of types of cancer. Although it is not specifically approved for this purpose this test may be useful in screening multiple myeloma. It can detect small increments of free light chains. The AFP tumor marker test is unique in its ability to detect early signs of myeloma.
The cutoff values of AFP tumor marker tests are determined using ROC curves. It is essential to note that the maximum diameter of a tumor , as well as the number of CTCs present in the peripheral blood are the most reliable indicators of MVI. Patients who have an elevated DCP value and an AFP tumor marker test are at high risk of developing liver cancer. Patients with low levels AFP may still have the hepatitis B virus infection or tumor cells in their liver.
AFP tumor markers can help determine the type of cancer present in the liver. It may also determine patients suffering from poorly differentiated HCC or with an insufficient AFP level. The results of this test may not be 100% accurate, however they can assist doctors in determining the best treatment option. AFP is a protein found in the blood and may be elevated in patients with liver cancer. Although it has a very high false-positive rate, it could still be useful in screening for HCC patients.
High levels of AFP can signal certain types of cancers in the liver. Some people with high AFP levels may also have chronic liver diseases. Other types of cancer could also be detected if AFP levels are high. Your doctor may recommend targeted therapy if you have been diagnosed with liver cancer. This treatment option utilizes drugs to attack certain cancerous cells while preserving healthy cells. Targeted therapy is more effective than conventional chemotherapy and may have fewer adverse side adverse effects.
A connection between the serum AFP transcripts and HCC diagnosis has also been established. Studies have proven that postoperative positive AFP correlates with an earlier recurrence-free time than postoperative negativity. In addition, studies have demonstrated that AFP may be helpful for determining the best treatment options for patients with HCC. There are no current treatments that target this gene to treat liver cancer.
While the AFP tumor marker test is not used to diagnose a disease or monitor its treatment, it could be useful in identifying the type of cancer. Regular AFP tests are particularly useful in detecting a recurrence. These tests can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment after cancer has been removed. This will allow doctors to determine whether cancer has returned and requires treatment.
If stage II or A is the case, the AffP tumor marker test can help determine the best treatment. Stage II tumors are able to increase to 3 to 5 cm in size but may have spread into the lymph nodes or large blood vessels. Stage III and IV tumors have been able to spread beyond bones and lymph nodes. The treatment for stage III and stage IV of liver cancer will differ depending on the stage of the disease.
The AFP tumor marker was the subject of an article published in the Oncol Nurs Forum. In the same issue, Duffy MJ, et al. examined the use of tumor markers in clinical practice and published an analysis meta-analysis. While AFP is still the standard of care but there could be other tumor markers that are better to detect the disease in patients. It may also help to improve surveillance programs and diagnosis.
PMID: 6192439 by Morinaga T., et al. Primary structures of human alpha-fetoprotein and its mRNA.
PMID: 2436661 by Gibbs P.E.M., et al. Structure, polymorphism, and novel repeated DNA elements revealed by a complete sequence of the human alpha-fetoprotein gene.
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