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4 Citations 16 Q&As
3 Citations 5 Q&As
3 Citations 4 Q&As
Facts about Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial.
The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | AIFM1 |
Uniprot: | O95831 |
Entrez: | 9131 |
Belongs to: |
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FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family |
AIF; AIFapoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; AIFM1; apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated, 1; COXPD6; MGC111425; PDCD8; PDCD8striatal apoptosis-inducing factor; programmed cell death 8 (apoptosis-inducing factor); Programmed cell death protein 8
Mass (kDA):
66.901 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | Xq26.1 |
Sequence: | X; NC_000023.11 (130129362..130165887, complement) |
Detected in muscle and skin fibroblasts (at protein level). Isoform 5 is frequently down-regulated in human cancers.
Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Mitochondrion inner membrane. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Proteolytic cleavage during or just after translocation into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) results in the formation of an inner-membrane-anchored mature form (AIFmit). During apoptosis, further proteolytic processing leads to a mature form, which is confined to the mitochondrial IMS in a soluble form (AIFsol). AIFsol is released to the cytoplasm in response to specific death signals, and translocated to the nucleus, where it induces nuclear apoptosis (PubMed:1577597
Sanbio can provide information on the AIFM1 gene, Boster Bio, or both. Sanbio can help find out more information about Boster Bio and its custom services. Sanbio can be used to fulfill your BeNeLux order if you're located in the BeNeLux region. This article was written by us to give you a better understanding of AIFM1 and AIFM2 markers.
RT-qPCR can be used to determine mRNA levels of genes in a sample. qRTPCR can detect mRNA and identify transcripts of sufficient length. Even after exogenous exposure to ribonuclease the mRNA can be detected. This should be taken into account when conducting experiments and interpreting results particularly in low-moisture environments.
RT-qPCR can be used to detect mRNA levels in genes, including AIFM1. It is sensitive and can detect rare DNA types like duplicated or mutated genes. RT-qPCR works on the principle of standard PCR amplification with specific probes and intercalating fluorescent colors to amplify target RNA. The amount of DNA starting in the exponential phase is proportional to the product.
RT-qPCR can detect mRNA levels of AIFM1 Marker in blood samples from all over the world. The study used RNA samples from cancerous and normal tissues. The test was conducted with RNA extracted from the renal cell carcinoma line (786-0). This RNA was used to ensure quality control and normalization of the newly synthesized cDNA.
As mentioned previously, the mRNA levels of AIFM1 are the most important endpoint in determining gene expression. It is a common technique in immunology, however, it has technical limitations due the variability and small cell numbers. Fortunately, recent advances in flow cytometric analytical techniques have enabled the measurement of mRNA levels in single cells, without cell purification.
This study used RT-qPCR, which is highly sensitive and reliable. It's also cheap. Its ability to detect the expression of genes has become the standard in biological research. It can measure mRNA levels in more than 22,000 genes. It is particularly useful in the analysis of the effects of drugs in human biological models. There is no other method as sensitive and reliable as RT-qPCR.
The protein profile of fibroblasts from controls and patients differs greatly, with a few exceptions. People with C9HRE expression show more puncta than those that do not. These differences could indicate mitochondrial proteins play a role within fibroblasts. These findings could lead to the identification of biomarkers in patients suffering from ALS and FTLD. The current study was carried out to determine the if fibroblasts from patients as well as control subjects had different levels these proteins.
Aqueous proteins are separated through electrophoresis and then transferred to a membrane. The membrane is then probed by a second antibody. The bound protein is measured by comparing its size to established standards or controls. This procedure can be repeated several times. When the protein that is targeted has been identified, the analysis can be completed.
After comparing patient and control fibroblasts, C5AR1 was detected in both samples. The gene is also found in neutrophils, and it is compensated for by MKL2. If MKL2 was removed this protein was discovered to be significantly lower in fibroblasts from patients. The fibroblasts that were knocked out showed less adhesion and cell growth, as well as a change in morphology.
In a study of non-hematopoietic fibroblasts, the level of MKL1 mRNA was higher than that of the fibroblasts of patients, indicating that this gene plays a role in regulating the development of inflammatory processes. MKL1 can also be found in neutrophils, and provides an excellent model for comparing gene expression of fibroblasts.
AIFM1 is a direct target gene of miR-425-5p. The inhibitor of miR-425-5p boosted mRNA and protein expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes in HeLa cells. These effects were reversed after AIFM1 knockdown. In this study the miR-425-5p inhibitor was co-transfected with AIFM1-siRNA.
AIFM1 enhances transcription of DRAM caspase-3. By inhibiting AIFM1 Boster Bio MiR-425-5p inhibitor was able to reverse the effects of AIFM1-siRNA. The results showed that AIFM1-siRNA is an effective therapeutic for apoptosis. However the immune system did not respond to the treatment.
This inhibitor reduced RIP1 expression and reduced neuronal apoptosis. It also improved the inflammatory response and decreased the severity of septic injury to the liver in mice. The miR-425-5p inhibitor also reduced inflammation and oxidative stress within the brain of the rat. This study shows that miR-425-siRNA helps fight PD.
Necroptosis-related miRNAs, like miR-425-5p, regulate the growth of tumors. It is widely known that miRNAs play a part in the development of cancer, and this study proves the role of miRNAs in tumor growth and metastasis. Researchers were able identify the risk of multiple miRNAs in colon adenocarcinoma patients by analyzing the expression levels.
The AIFM1 gene is an important regulator of chromatin structure. The Boster Bio AIFM1 antibody targets it. This antibody has been tested on a variety of platforms, and tested against known positive and negative samples. The company's ELISA kits have been tested for specificity and high affinity. The company also offers product credits to the first reviewers to evaluate its products. This program recognizes scientists all over the world who are committed to quality assurance.
The AIFM1 gene was originally identified in the human cervical cancer, but it is now known to have numerous other applications. AIFM1 is involved in the development and progression of cervical cancer. It has also increased the likelihood of developing cancer of the ovary. The AIFM1 gene was identified as a probable target of miR-425-5p by an analysis of bioinformatics. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed this. The AIFM1 gene is located in the intermembrane space in the mitochondrion and serves as an indicator for the apoptosis process.
AIFM1 promotes apoptosis in human cells. It also activates transcription of DRAM and caspase-3. All of these functions are vital for the process of apoptosis. The AIFM1 marker can be useful for a variety of applications, including cell cycle studies. The AIFM1 gene has been used in a variety of applications, however the research community is unclear about the best way to use it.
In fibroblasts from patients and controls, relative quantification of AIFM1 was done. AIFM1 mRNA levels were detected by using four primer pair, with b-actin as the internal reference gene. To determine the levels of mRNA two-dimensional difference coelimination analyses (DDC) was employed. This is the most effective method to detect AIFM1 gene activity in cells.
Research antibodies are used to identify targets in various biological samples. Boster Bio has primary and secondary antibodies that can detect AIFM1 in many different types of cells and tissues. The AIFM1 marker can be found in many tissues and cells, including lung, kidney, and pancreatic tissue. Primary antibodies used in this research can be purchased in different concentrations and are available to research users.
PMID: 9989411 by Susin S.A., et al. Molecular characterization of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor.
PMID: 16365034 by Delettre C., et al. AIFsh, a novel apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) pro-apoptotic isoform with potential pathological relevance in human cancer.
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