TBX4 Antibodies

T-box transcription factor TBX4 (TBX4)

Involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes required for mesoderm differentiation. Probably plays a role in limb pattern formation.

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	TBX4
Uniprot:	P57082
Entrez:	9496

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

SPS; T-box 4; T-box protein 4; T-box transcription factor TBX4

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
60.204 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	17q23.2
Sequence:	17; NC_000017.11 (61452422..61485110)

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus.

Diseases

• Congenital Abnormality
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Congenital Heart Defects
• Dysplasia
• Microcephaly
• Developmental Delay (disorder)
• Congenital Clubfoot
• Limb Deformities, Congenital
• Hypoplasia
• Pathologic Fistula
• Adenocarcinoma

• Cleft Palate
• Haploinsufficiency
• Sensorineural Hearing Loss (disorder)
• Limb Defect
• Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
• Esophageal Atresia
• Ductal Breast Carcinoma

Pathways

• Limb Development
• Lung Development
• Methylation
• Pathogenesis
• Developmental Process
• Vasculogenesis
• Gastrulation
• Dna Methylation
• Lung Growth
• Limb Bud Formation
• Cell Migration
• Cellular Senescence
• Regulation Of Signaling

• Proteolysis
• Ossification
• Embryo Development
• Cartilage Development
• Flight
• Limb Morphogenesis
• Histone Acetylation

PTMs

• Methylation

• Acetylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/TBX4

Boster Bio: Best Uses Of The TBX4 Marker

Despite all the excitement surrounding TBX4 genes and their use in research, many questions remain. This article will discuss the differences in TBX4 and Has2 marker and the regulation. We will also examine the advantages and limitations of each marker. We will then examine their potential use in biomedical science. Before using the TBX4 gene or its promoter reporter in a Boster bio study, here are some things to remember.

TBX4

The TBX4 genes is a transcription element that is expressed during embryonic development. Researchers found that myofibroblasts were present in injured adult lung tissues. The gene could be inhibited by either RNA interference or ablation or by disrupting Tbox gene signaling. The results showed Tbx4 toxicity inhibited lung Fibrosis.

Interestingly, TBX4 regulates hyaluronan synthesis 2 production and enhances fibroblast invasion. This protein contributes to the formation of myofibroblasts, which are precursor cells in lung tissue. New therapeutic approaches may be possible by targeting the gene in lung tissue research. But which therapies should we use?

Tbx4 cell-lineage cells can be found in lung tissue and give rise fibroblasts as well as smooth muscle cells and rare endothelial cellular cells. They are the main source of myofibroblasts within the lung. It is therefore important to identify the causes of lung fibrosis by identifying the disease that affects these cells. What are the best uses of TBX4's gene?

Tbx4 expression is also found in the tracheal mesoderm. Although a mouse Tbx4 mutant is lacking in trachea development, it was still expressed in distal esophageal endoderm. This gene may be a signal for defining the trachea's identity. Tbx4 or NKX6.1 can be found in the trachea or lung. This gene is widely used and has many uses.

Expression

In a recent study, we demonstrated that Tbx4 promoter is expressed in lung mesenchymal cells in both adult and postnatal cultures. Tbx4 expression was also found in lung epithelial and vascular smooth muscles cells. These cells are the closest cell types to pulmonary arterial and pulmonary fibrblasts. These cells were used as a model to create mouse models of interstitial diseases. Although the molecular mechanism underlying Tbx4 activation within lung tissues is unknown, it is probable that specific types TBX4-expressing mesenchymal lungs express a distinct set of transcription factors.

This subfamily of transcription factor is involved in the development and maintenance of lung organogenesis. Its role in nonsmall-cell lung cancer remains unclear. To characterize the expressions of TBX4 as well as other transcription factors, we used Boster Bio tissue samples and NSCLCs. This analysis was done using transcriptome sequencing. Although we found the gene in lung organogenesis, there was no association between Tbx4 protein and the development of cancer.

The ventral LPM-like tissue of Amphixus was the first to contain the Tbx4/5/5 gene. It was expressed much later than its derived vertebrate counterparts, which suggests that the ancestral Tbx4/5 gene did not have limb-forming potential. However, after the divergence in cephalochordates the gene received an enhancer early on, activating genes in limb-competent areas.

Regulation

We can see the potential to target fibroblasts as one of the most promising uses of the TBX4 mark. This cell population is a result of fibrosis, and it expresses TBX4 genes. Further, the TBX4 genes regulate the production of hyaluronan. This is a key signal that fibrosis progresses. This finding could offer new insights into fibrogenesis, and the role that TBX4 plays in fibroblast accumulation.

In this study, we identified TBX4-positive mesenchymal cells, which express more than 200 genes related to fibroblasts and ECM remodeling. These cells also showed higher levels of genes associated with activated states such as the fibroblast specific gene CDC25A. We also found no correlation in TBX4 expression with T1a.

Using the TBX4 lung enhancer as a gene targeting driver line, we were able to identify developmental lung mesenchymal cells and their function. We found that this gene is expressed in a subset lung mesenchymal cell types, including alveolar epithelial cell. We have therefore discovered a new method for creating mouse models that mimic interstitial lung disease. Although the molecular mechanism by which the TBX4 gene is activated is not yet completely understood, we have observed that specific mesenchymal cells express a unique set of transcription factors.

Smooth muscle cells are targeted by TBX4 lung enhancement. It targets both vascular and airway lineages before E15.5. The cell lineage of the lungs derived from the TBX4 marker was identical to the cell types that were labeled with tdTomato. These data suggest that TBX4 lungs improvers are beneficial for lung tissue growth. The TBX4 marker has potential applications in pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.

Pathobiology

Recent studies suggest that the TBX4 marker regulates invasion of fibroblasts via regulation of Has2. These findings suggest that the TBX4 gene plays a role in the development and maintenance of malignant and neoplastic precursors. It is still unclear what role this gene may play in human diseases. In the present study, TBX4 expression was found in human lymphoma.

The TBX2 subfamily is expressed in the normal lung but is suppressed in smokers. GTEx version V6p, which includes 164 suspect smokers as well as healthy lung tissue, was used to measure the expression of this gene. Pearson's correlation and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis were used to analyze the expression data. This analysis identified downstream genes as well as TBX2 targets. The expression levels were then compared across the three groups using statistical analysis.

Previous studies have shown TBX4 regulates the invading of fibroblasts and plays a role at lung fibrosis. TBX4 was also detected in fibroblasts expressing COL1a2 (SMA) genes. It is also known that TBX4 can be induced by WNT5A and BMP4, which suggests a possible link between TBX4 signaling and TGF-b signaling.

Tbx4fl/fl mice have been crossed with Acta2-CreER mouse to determine if Tbx4 gene deletion inhibits lungfibrosis. Tbx4 deletion in Col1a2-expressing cells inhibits lung fibrosis. Tamoxifen in Col1a2-CreER mice was administered for a week after bleomycin treatment. After 21 days of treatment with bleomycin the hydroxyproline concentration decreased by 44%. Lung tissue was immunofluorescently stained to detect collagen and aSMA. Then, TBX4 expression was determined by masson’s trichrome staining.