Synaptotagmin-1 Antibodies

Synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1)

May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone.

A Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been reported. It can bind to at least three additional proteins in a Ca(2+)-independent manner; these are neurexins, syntaxin and AP2.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SYT1
Uniprot:	P21579
Entrez:	6857

Family

Belongs to:
synaptotagmin family

Alternative Names

DKFZp781D2042; P65; SVP65; synaptotagmin Isynaptotagmin 1; Synaptotagmin1; Synaptotagmin-1; SYT; SYT1; sytI

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
47.573 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	12q21.2
Sequence:	12; NC_000012.12 (78863982..79452008)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in melanocytes (PubMed:23999003).

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, chromaffin granule membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasm.

Diseases

• Nervousness
• Neoplasms
• Pituitary Diseases
• Depressive Disorder
• Tumor Angiogenesis
• Pheochromocytoma
• Inflammation
• Atrophy
• Insulinoma
• Neuroblastoma
• Alzheimer's Disease
• Malnutrition

• Varicosity
• Physiological Stress
• Shwachman Syndrome
• Tetanus
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Autoimmune Reaction
• Learning Disorders

Interacting Proteins

• IKBKG
• TSHR

Pathways

• Exocytosis
• Secretion
• Vesicle Fusion
• Membrane Fusion
• Endocytosis
• Synaptic Transmission
• Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis
• Localization
• Synaptic Vesicle Fusion
• Transport
• Lipid Binding
• Vesicle Docking
• Membrane Docking

• Angiogenesis
• Cell Proliferation
• Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis
• Regulation Of Exocytosis
• Regulation Of Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis
• Rna Interference
• Response To Heat

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage
• Glycosylation
• Palmitoylation

• Nitration
• Biotinylation
• Reduction
• Oxidation

• Acylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SYT1

Best Uses Of The SYT1 Marker

Scientists worldwide can submit their results from SV recycling and fixation for special samples, species, and applications to receive product credits. These benefits are applicable to all scientists worldwide. Boster scientists can submit their results for species and applications to receive product credits and special offers. To learn more about Boster Bio, please visit the website. We look forward to hearing from you! Let us help you find the perfect solution for your research needs!

SV recycling

In order to identify SV recycling, researchers are using three methods: membrane labelling with FM dyes, overexpression of Phluorins, and the Boster Bio SYT1 marker for cell uptake. All three methods are useful for determining the SV recycling legs, but they have some key caveats. FM dyes label the entire surface of the cell, while Phluorins must be introduced by overexpression. In addition, some antibodies can interfere with the function of the endogenous protein.

Transfection of the marker into neurons with lipofectamine results in greater transfection rates and higher expression levels in the transfected cells. The marker may be expressed in nearly 100 percent of cultured neurons. Alternatively, experiments aiming to monitor SV recycling can be performed without transfection. By immunolabeling endogenous proteins, experiments comparing synaptic recycling rates can be carried out without transfection.

Using the SYT1 antibody, researchers were able to identify which neurons recycle SVs. Using a fusion construct, Syt1-pHluorin (GFP with high pH sensitivity), the SYT1-pHluorin antibody increases fluorescence in the cellular environment. After a 30 second exocytotic stimulus, the fluorescence of the SYT1-pHluorin protein decayed exponentially.

Synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling requires recapture of stranded proteins. In this respect, nanoclustering is emerging as a mechanism to preassemble proteins prior to endocytosis, which ensures high retrieval efficiency in subsequent rounds of vesicle fusion. To investigate this further, single-molecule imaging was performed using fluorescent SVs and showed that Syt1 inhibited SV2A clustering.

SV staining

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References

PMID: 1840599 by Perin M.S., et al. Structural and functional conservation of synaptotagmin (p65) in Drosophila and humans.

PMID: 11381094 by Martina J.A., et al. Stonin 2: an adaptor-like protein that interacts with components of the endocytic machinery.