Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta (STAT1)

Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. After type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases contributes to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2.

The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus (PubMed:28753426). ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to trigger the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which drive the mobile in an antiviral state.