SOX3 Antibodies

Transcription factor SOX-3 (SOX3)

Transcription factor required during the formation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. May function as a switch in neuronal development.

Keeps neural cells undifferentiated by counteracting the activity of proneural proteins and suppresses neuronal differentiation. Required also inside the pharyngeal epithelia for craniofacial morphogenesis.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SOX3
Uniprot:	P41225
Entrez:	6658

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

GHDX; MRGH; panhypopituitarism; PHP; PHPX; SOX3; SOXB; SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 3; transcription factor SOX-3

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
45.21 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	Xq27.1
Sequence:	X; NC_000023.11 (140502985..140505069, complement)

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus.

Diseases

• Nervousness
• Pituitary Diseases
• Hypopituitarism
• Dysplasia
• Septo-optic Dysplasia
• Neoplasms
• Hypoplasia
• Somatotropin Deficiency
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Crest Syndrome
• Congenital Abnormality
• Carcinoma

• Pituitary Gland Hypoplasia
• Holoprosencephaly
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Embryonal Carcinoma
• Dwarfism
• Genetic Diseases, X-linked

Pathways

• Sex Determination
• Neurogenesis
• Gastrulation
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Differentiation
• Localization
• Cell Cycle
• Spermatogenesis
• Cell Proliferation
• Oogenesis
• System Development
• Nervous System Development
• Gonad Development

• Eye Development
• Methylation
• Sex Differentiation
• Neural Tube Closure
• Tube Closure
• Organ Development
• Brain Development

PTMs

• Methylation
• Phosphorylation

• Acetylation
• Sumoylation

• Deacetylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SOX3

Best Uses Of The SOX3 Marker In The Testis

This article discusses the functions of the SOX3 marker in the testis. It discusses the SOX3 protein binding to Dbx1, the SOX3 target gene, and the inhibition of SOX3 expression by DNMT3A/B and c-KIT. SOX3 is also known to regulate the expression of other genes, including the Rpl9 gene, which is important for spermatogonia.

SOX3 expression in undifferentiated spermatogonia

Sox3 is a gene that has been found to be highly expressed in type A spermatogonia, which are stem cells, committed progenitors, or overtly differentiating cells. Sox3 overlaps with several markers of undifferentiated spermatogonia, including GFRa1, Ngn3, and EOMES. Therefore, SOX3 can serve as a useful alternative marker to differentiate Type A and Type B spermatogonia.

Sox3 was expressed in a subset of undifferentiated spermatogonic cells, but was not expressed in Leydig cells. Furthermore, SOX3+ spermatogonia remained constant throughout the seminiferous epithelium cycle. SOX3 + spermatogonia were found more commonly in tubules of stages I to VI. SOX3 and PLZF expression in P7 testis cross sections reveals extensive overlap. GFRa1 and SOX3 are limitedly expressed, but are highly correlated.

In this study, we used the SOX3 marker to determine whether SOX3 is expressed in undifferentiated spermatogonia. SOX3 was previously identified in the neural system and is widely expressed in postnatal testis. Its role in stem cell maintenance is unclear. In a nutshell, SOX3 helps identify which spermatogonia are undifferentiated and which are differentiated.

In addition to the SOX3 marker, we also used the SOS-reactive protein SOD1-like. The results of this study are consistent with the previous studies. However, we recommend that sperm cells be evaluated in the laboratory before implementing this new method. The results will help us decide whether SOX3 is useful in undifferentiated spermatogonia.

SOX3 binding to Dbx1

SOX proteins are a family of transcription factors with many diverse functions. They regulate neural development by suspending their progenitors in a stem-like state. They also occupy silenced target genes and keep them poised for activation. During development, SOX3 members regulate diverse cellular processes, including stem cell maintenance, terminal differentiation, and regeneration, and cell death. These proteins are also involved in adult tissue homeostasis.

Regulation of SOX3 expression by DNMT3A/B

DNMT3A/B regulates SOX3 expression in testis cells, a cell type that expresses the transcription factor. SOX3 targets the Dbx1 gene. SOX3 has previously been implicated in neural progenitors. It is not known how these cells maintain their stem cell identity and function. However, these data provide insight into the regulation of SOX3 expression by DNMT3A/B.

In this study, the SOX3 protein is expressed only in the spermatogonia of testis sections. SOX3 expression was confirmed by using an antibody that recognizes this specific protein. Spermatogenesis occurs in a coordinated cyclic process. In a mouse, it is organized into 12 distinct stages, with a defined population of spermatogonia in each stage. SOX3-positive spermatogonia were detected at all stages of seminiferous epithelium development.

DNMT3A/B isoforms associate with the Sox2 promoter region, but not with the Sox3 N2 enhancer region. This suggests that DNMT3A/B may have a complementary role in genome-wide regulation. Furthermore, TET1 occupancy increases in DNMT3A/B KO cells. These results indicate that DNMT3A/B regulates SOX3 expression in a way that is functionally relevant to human cancer.

Dnmt3A and Dnmt3B contribute to DNA methylation. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to generate DNA methylation landscapes. WGBS generated over one billion sequencing reads for each dataset. In Dnmt3a KO cells, DNMT3A has a much greater impact than Dnmt3B.

Inhibition of SOX3 expression by c-KIT

Inhibition of SOX3 expression by the c-KIT kinase is one of the key mechanisms for PD. SOX2 regulates many genes, including proliferation and differentiation. This protein also participates in cytokine signaling. Various miRNAs regulate SOX2 expression, including miR-126 and miR-194-5p. This interplay between SOX and miRNAs has not yet been fully understood.

SOX3 is expressed in committed progenitor cells. SOX3 is required for the stem-to-progenitor transition in male germline, and is specifically linked to Ngn3, spermatogonia. Sox3 is not expressed in steady-state stem cells, and is rapidly upregulated during differentiation commitment steps. Inhibition of SOX3 expression by c-KIT results in the depletion of undifferentiated cells that lack Ngn3 expression.

SOX genes are involved in diverse cell processes during development, including the formation of neural precursor cells. They are regulated by different miRNAs, and inhibition of SOX3 expression by c-KIT may be a valuable target in future therapeutics. This work highlights the critical role SOX plays in neural development and regeneration. It is crucial to understand the interaction between SOX and miRNAs to develop more effective approaches.

Overexpression of c-KIT inhibits SOX3 expression. MiR-184 inhibits SOX3 in human NPCs. Overexpression of miR-184 suppresses SOX1 and promotes neural differentiation. Sox2 and miR-145 regulate the Sox2/Lin28/let-7 signaling pathway. SOX2-miR-145 regulation is critical for neural differentiation in NPCs and NSCs.

Immunofluorescence staining for SOX3

The immunofluorescence staining for SOx3 from Boster Bio was validated across multiple platforms and is compatible with the latest in gene editing and cell-based techniques. SOX2 plays a critical role in maintaining neural and embryonic stem cells. Its presence in cells is important for research into induced pluripotency, a recent field in regenerative medicine.

The anti-SOX3 antibody is produced by several suppliers. It is designed to react with the transcription factor SOX3, also known as GHDX, MRGH, PHP, and SOX-3. It may also be specific to mouse and rat orthologs. The anti-SOX3 antibody contains a synthetic peptide that blocks SOX3 binding by blocking the binding of antibodies against it.

Primary antibodies from Boster Bio are a key part of the immunofluorescence staining process. These antibodies have high affinity, have been widely cited in scientific literature, and have undergone validation on immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA. This ensures high-quality, reliable results. The antibody used by Boster is highly sensitive, reliable, and fast-acting.

SOX18 is detected in HepG2 cells with an antibody named A04004-2. This antibody detects SOX18 protein at a dilution of 5OEog/mL at 37!C. Secondary antibodies against SOX18 are labelled with fluorescent dyes for easier detection. This method of detecting SOX3 is also known as direct immunofluorescence.

Primary antibodies used in Boster Bio

If you've never heard of flow cytometry, you're missing out on a lot of opportunities. The science behind flow cytometry is wide-ranging. Whether it's looking for gene expression profiles or examining proteins, cells and particles can be tested using a variety of methods. Boster Bio has high-affinity primary antibodies for flow cytometry. Its polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are highly cited and have been around for over 25 years.

As their name implies, primary antibodies are immune system proteins that can only bind to specific antigens. Their quality is determined by their specificity and affinity. Specificity is measured by the degree to which they can bind to an antigen without binding to another antigen. A high specificity indicates better quality, while poor specificity means it can't detect the target antigen. Generally, a good primary antibody has a high affinity and low binding to unintended antigens. As such, it can be used for detection, purification, and measurement.