SHBG Antibodies

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)

Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid.

Particular for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and 17-beta-estradiol. Regulates the plasma metabolic clearance rate of steroid hormones by controlling their plasma concentration.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SHBG
Uniprot:	P04278
Entrez:	6462

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

ABP; ABPTestosterone-estrogen-binding globulin; androgen binding protein; MGC126834; MGC138391; SBP; sex hormone-binding globulin; Sex steroid-binding protein; SHBG; TEBG; Testis-specific androgen-binding protein; testosterone-binding beta-globulin; Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
43.779 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	17p13.1
Sequence:	17; NC_000017.11 (7614064..7633383)

Tissue Specificity

Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are present in liver and testis.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted. In testis, it is synthesized by the Sertoli cells, secreted into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule and transported to the epididymis.

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Obesity
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Insulin Resistance
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Hypogonadism
• Insulin Sensitivity
• Hyperinsulinism
• Diabetes Mellitus, Non-insulin-dependent

• Malignant Neoplasm Of Prostate
• Neoplasms
• Acne
• Pituitary Diseases
• Prostatic Neoplasms
• Infertility
• Metabolic Syndrome X

Pathways

• Secretion
• Aging
• Menopause
• Pathogenesis
• Ovulation
• Transport
• Excretion
• Spermatogenesis
• Insulin Secretion
• Menarche
• Bone Resorption
• Coagulation
• Hormone Secretion

• Localization
• Fertilization
• Menstruation
• Cell Proliferation
• Androgen Secretion
• Sperm Motility
• Testosterone Secretion

PTMs

• Glycosylation
• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage
• Oxidation
• Reduction
• Carboxylation

• Hydroxylation
• Iodination
• Methylation
• Deglycosylation
• Deiodination
• Biotinylation

• Nitration

Research Areas

• Cancer
• Vision

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SHBG

Best Uses Of The SHBG Marker

SHBG is a biomarker that can be used to diagnose disease that varies from one person to the next. It can be used to predict the onset of T2DM in women who have recently developed GDM. A quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immuneassay is used to determine SHBG.

SHBG is a biomarker of disease

A recent meta-analysis revealed that serum SHBG is associated with a lower PCOS risk and other comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity. These associations support the idea that serum SHBG can be used as a biomarker of PCOS. Additionally, post-treatment improvements in serum SHBG levels were linked with better endo-metabolic profiles in PCOS females. However, the question remains what does this biomarker tell us? an answer definitively to whether or it is PCOS is associated with lower levels of serum SHBG?

Utilizing LC/MS/MS and LFQ analysis, we identified four potential disease biomarkers that include the APOC1, GSN and SHBG. Only C4A showed statistically significant increases in relative intensity for patients with this biomarker. The biomarkers' relative levels are shown in Figure. 2 and Data S3 show LC-MS/MS spectrum data.

Researchers used the same techniques to determine the expression of SHBG in transgenic mice, using the same methods employed to measure human SHBG levels. SHBG levels were then examined using an ELISA kit (Demeditec Diagnostics GmbH) as well as PCR on CAR mice that had been humanized. The researchers also used specific primers to boost SHBG gene expression in humanized CAR mice. The SHBG levels of women decreased over the first 60 years, while their counterparts in men increase steadily after the age of 60. It is not clear what mechanism governs SHBG expression.

The DR-1 component in the human SHBG promoter mediates the effects of resveratrol. In cells co-transfected by the hCAR, resveratrol was also found to increase the activity human SHBG promoter. There was no significant difference in the function of the human SHBG promoter co-transfected cells with hCAR and mCAR. This suggests that the DR-1 component regulates the expression of the human SHBG gene.

This study suggests that SHBG could be a useful biomarker for diseases. Recent research revealed that plasma SHBG concentrations were up to three times higher in the group of patients than those in the control group. Further, in stratified analysis by age and disease stage the patient group had significantly higher levels of SHBG than the group that was controlled. This study suggests that SHBG may become a valuable plasma biomarker for GC.

It can be used to assist in the prediction of T2DM development in women who recently received GDM.

The study showed that there was a positive correlation between the SHBG marker and blood glucose levels at the time of fasting in women who have recently developed GDM. These women are at greater risk for diabetes, but the association was significant after taking into account other confounding factors. More studies are needed to confirm the results. In the meantime, the SHBG marker may be a reliable marker to help predict T2DM development in women suffering from recent GDM.

One study found that a 1.5 AG SHBG marker distinguished between women who have recently developed GDM from those who did not. The marker had an AUC of 0.951, with an 87% sensitivity and specificity of 94 percent. The threshold for the marker was 60.3 umol/l. These results are encouraging and could help doctors recognize women who are at high risk of developing T2DM.

In the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study there was a direct correlation between maternal hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes was found. This study found that adverse pregnancy outcomes were also associated with women with hyperglycemia that was below the threshold for GDM. A proper diagnosis of GDM and early treatment could increase the chances of having an uninvolved pregnancy.

In this study, a significant association was observed between low levels of SHBG in women with recent GDM and a high likelihood of developing T2DM. The study also found that women who had severe GDM had significantly lower levels of SHBG compared to women who had no GDI. Researchers believe that women with severe GDM might be more likely to have lower levels of SHBG than women who have not had their GDM diagnosed.

The ideal marker would be easy to acquire, quick cheap, and clinically effective to identify women with GDM. It would enable early intervention for improved outcomes, be affordable, and easy to determine. This marker is also easy to use. Its early detection of GDM could help reduce the amount of T2DM in the mother. T2DM early detection could save lives.

The HbA1c level is a poor test for determining the severity of T2DM. The HbA1c level can be an unreliable indicator of impairment in glucose metabolism or insulin action, as well as b-cell dysfunction. The studies also had only a small amount of data. Therefore, more studies are needed to find the best predictive markers for women with recent GDM.

It differs from one person to another

It can be difficult to know the definition of It varies from one person to the next, as it's not the same as "difficult." It doesn't necessarily mean that things are different from one person to the next. This is because the term "difficult" is itself a word with thousands of synonyms and a large range of definitions. Therefore, it is crucial to examine a variety of examples to determine the meaning of a phrase.

It is determined by an enzyme-linked immunoassay that is a quantitative sandwich (ELISA)

The method of determining an antigen's concentration is known as an ELISA. To determine the presence or absence of an antigen, the method employs two antibodies that are specific to the antigen that are the detection antibody and the capture antibody. The antigen is detected in two ways. It can interact with the capture antibody directly or indirectly through binding to another antigen. The sandwich ELISA is ideal for complex antigen mix because the capture and detection antibodies are able to bind to each other.

Sandwich ELISA is one of the most popular ELISA methods. It measures the concentration of the analyte by measuring the amount of antigen that is present between two layers. Two epitopes are necessary for antigens. This is why they are useful for determining low levels of antigens or antigens in mixtures with high levels of proteins. The sandwich ELISA method is extremely sensitive, precise and fast method of determining the concentration of analyte.

The ELISA procedure is based on an 96-well plate which is specifically designed to handle many samples. Each plate is coated in an antibody to capture that binds to the target analyte. The detection antibody binds an epitope that is different to the analyte being targeted and then dissolves in a substrate solution. This test can be used for diagnosing several diseases, including cancer and plant pathology.

Sandwich ELISA is a viable option when an antigen-specific antibody is required for a particular application. Sandwich ELISA is used in applications that require high precision. The sandwich is made up of antibodies that target two distinct epitopes of the protein target. The sandwich technique can be used to serve a variety purposes and is useful for measuring very small quantities of antigens. It also minimizes background noise.

Direct ELISA is an approach to immobilize the antigen onto a surface. The secondary antibody, which is usually a biotin-streptavidin combination, binds to the primary antibody and releases an indication. The signal is quantifiable and can be detected by a plate reader. This technique can be used to test research and clinical trials as well as to study the affinity of antibodies and blocking/inhibitory interactions.