SAMHD1 Antibodies

Deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 (SAMHD1)

Protein that acts both as a host restriction factor involved in defense response to virus and as a regulator of DNA end resection at stalled replication forks (PubMed:19525956, PubMed:21613998, PubMed:21720370, PubMed:23602554, PubMed:23601106, PubMed:22056990, PubMed:24336198, PubMed:26294762, PubMed:26431200, PubMed:28229507, PubMed:28834754, PubMed:29670289). Has deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTPase) action, which is required to limit infection by viruses, such as HIV-1: dNTPase activity reduces cellular dNTP levels to levels too low for retroviral reverse transcription to occur, blocking early-stage virus replication in dendritic and other myeloid cells (PubMed:19525956, PubMed:21613998, PubMed:21720370, PubMed:23602554, PubMed:23601106, PubMed:23364794, PubMed:25038827, PubMed:26101257, PubMed:22056990, PubMed:24336198, PubMed:28229507, PubMed:26294762, PubMed:26431200).

Likewise, suppresses LINE-1 retrotransposon activity (PubMed:24035396, PubMed:29610582, PubMed:24217394). Not able to limit infection by HIV-2 virus; because restriction activity is counteracted by HIV-2 viral protein Vpx (PubMed:21613998, PubMed:21720370).

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	SAMHD1
Uniprot:	Q9Y3Z3
Entrez:	25939

Family

Belongs to:
SAMHD1 family

Alternative Names

AGS5; CHBL2; DCIP; DCIPMg11; Dendritic cell-derived IFNG-induced protein; EC 3.1.4.-; HDDC1; Monocyte protein 5; MOP5; MOP-5; MOP-5AGS5; SAM domain and HD domain 1; SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1; SAMHD1; SBBI88

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
72.201 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	20q11.23
Sequence:	20; NC_000020.11 (36889773..36951708, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, liver, small intestine, placenta, lung and peripheral blood leukocytes (PubMed:11064105). No expression is seen in brain and thymus (PubMed:11064105).

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus. Chromosome. Localizes to sites of DNA double-strand breaks in response to DNA damage.

Diseases

• Hiv Infections
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
• Virus Diseases
• Autoimmune Diseases Of The Nervous System
• Congenital Neurologic Anomalies
• Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
• Innate Immune Response
• Chilblains
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Encephalopathies
• Autoimmunity

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• Infective Disorder
• Ulcer
• Hemorrhage
• Lentivirus Infections
• Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus

Interacting Proteins

• DYSF
• LGALS3BP
• TIRAP

Pathways

• Reverse Transcription
• Immune Response
• Pathogenesis
• Viral Replication
• Localization
• Innate Immune Response
• Cell Cycle Arrest
• Cell Cycle
• Cell Adhesion
• Cell Proliferation
• Proteolysis

• Pigmentation
• Virulence
• Nuclear Export
• Inflammatory Response
• Macrophage Activation
• Nuclear Import

PTMs

• Ubiquitination

• Deamination

Research Areas

• Stem Cell Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SAMHD1

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The SAMHD1 Marker

There are many benefits of making use of this marker in research in biology. This article will provide advantages and benefits of biological assays. The article also tells a little bit about the story of Steven Boster. Find out more. Below, you will be able to learn the background of this marker and its advantages. It can be used by all scientists in any country. This information should assist you in making an informed decision about the use of it.

Benefits

The SAMHD1 gene, a new regulator of cell proliferation, plays important roles in DNA replication, as well as regulating dNTP pool regulation. These functions can impact different cellular environments, including primary or malignant cells. SAMHD1-related mutations can be found in many types of cancer. Thus, dysregulation of SAMHD1 could contribute to the development of various kinds of cancer.

SAMHD1 has enzymatic functions which suggests that it could be involved in the development of cancer. Furthermore certain studies have suggested that the SAMHD1 levels could play an important role in determining growth of tumors in various stages of cancer. Therefore, future research should identify the specific cancer stages and types to identify cancers with the SAMHD1 mutation. As mentioned earlier future studies should reveal the mutations that are similar to those in other driver genes.

The plasmids pEGFP-1 were used to express the mutant SAMHD1 gene. The primers were 5'-GCGGGATCCATGGGAAGAGCATCCAAGTGTTCTACGGAAGTAGTTTTCAAAACGCGAAAAGTGTCGGACGAGGGGGAGCGAGAG-3'. After that, the PCR products were digested and cloned into the BamHI and XbaI sites of pCDNA3.1/Zeo vector.

SAMHD1 mutations in solid tumors also discovered recently. Numerous studies have demonstrated that SAMHD1 has eight non-synonymous mutations. This suggests that the gene is more often mutated than one would think. The eight mutations were found in colon cancers that were hypermutated. Six of these cases had mutations in mismatch repair genes.

The SAMHD1 gene regulates the cellular dNTP levels and inhibits HIV-1 infection. Additionally, SAMHD1 has been linked to the pathogenesis of CLL as well as AGS. It is therefore an important gene for the treatment of HIV infection. This gene offers a myriad of benefits. For example, it helps reduce HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ T cells and prevents reverse transcription in quiescent cells.

The SAMHD1 gene is a member of the protein ubiquitination complex (DUB), and may play a role in the regulation of triphosphodeoxynucleotides. Its mutations can have many implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of cancer. This makes it an important gene in the study of tumorigenesis. The SAMHD1 gene is an integral part of many cancers and a marker of its expression can aid in identifying these diseases.

Applications

In order to study SAMHD1-mediated interactions with nucleic acid, the protein is required to recognize GpsN modifications in the active site as well as the Rp conformation of the phosphorothioate linkage. The binding affinity of SAMHD1 depends on the position of the phosphorothioate-phosphorylation bond. In this study, we demonstrated that SAMHD1 selectively broadens the NMR signals of the Rp stereoisomer by detecting presence of SAMHD1. The resulting purification method has demonstrated that SAMHD1 has a 10-fold higher affinity for the Rp stereoisomer of d(TG*TTCA).

Using a oligonucleotide-based PCR method, we found that SAMHD1 had a greater affinity for the Rp stereoisomer than the Rp diastereomer. We also observed that SAMHD1 may cocrystallize the crude d(TG*TTCA) oligonucleotide. A monochromatic X-ray beam allowed us to resolve the sulfur atoms of SAMHD1 and determine that they are corresponding to the Rp stereoisomer. This anomalous electron density map was modeled using a phosphorothioate-free model.

Retroviruses can infect myeloid-derived cells with retroviruses, and the SAMHD1 protein has been shown to prevent this. It is also involved in the immune system innate due to its ability to dephosphorylate dNTPs. SAMHD1 isn't nuclease but a sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. SAMHD1 is responsible for the inhibition of retrovirus-induced infection. It also is a key component in human innate immunity by dephosphorylating dNTPs.

SAMHD1 can be used for many purposes that include antimicrobial screening. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, it can be used to identify prokaryotic dNTPases. A bacterial dNTPase found in SAMHD1 gene has been linked to an ancestor common to the Dgt DNTPase.

In the field of cancer research the SAMHD1 protein has been proven to reduce the production of nucleoside analogues by blocking their triphosphates. Hyperinflammatory AGS is also related to a decrease of SAMHD1 protein expression. It is also a factor in cancer development. However, SAMHD1 depletion can decrease the effectiveness of nucleoside-based antimetabolites.

Bioassays

The SAMHD1 gene encodes a key protein that plays a role in innate immune system or viral infection. It also plays a role in regulating proinflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor alpha. The gene's mutations have been linked to the condition known as Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. Boster Bio SAMHD1 biological assays have been validated on immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and western blotting.

The Boster Bio Anti-SAMHD1 Antibody is a monoclonal antibody, which reacts with Human SAMHD1 recombinant protein. It can be stored at -20°C for one year. Each vial contains 4mg of Trehalose and 0.2mg N2HPO4 in addition to 0.9mg of NaCl. This reagent is able to detect SAMHD1 from a variety of samples.

History of Steven Boster

Steve Boster's first product was created in 1993. Boster referred to himself as "the man who converts science into the lavatory." Steve Boster went on to develop hundreds of primary antibodies and various products for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and became the largest catalog antibody company in China. PicoKine was his private company and he created a unique ELISA platform. PicoKine manufactures high-sensitivity ELISA kit with trade secrets and exclusive technology.

Steve Boster's history is quite a colorful one. He was raised in Joliet by his parents Evelyn and James Meier. He was a supervisor of retail sales for many years and was an active member of Concordia Hall in Staunton. His family includes Crystal Boster, Natosha Peck and six grandchildren. He also has four brothers, Jack Boster, Sandra Blanton, and Sandra Blanton. His nephews and nieces are his survivors.