Protein S100-A8 Antibodies

Protein S100-A8 (S100A8)

S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein that plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can cause neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion.

Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) that has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	S100A8
Uniprot:	P05109
Entrez:	6279

Family

Belongs to:
S-100 family

Alternative Names

60B8AG; CAGACP-10; Calgranulin A; calgranulin-A; Calprotectin L1L subunit; CFAG; CFAGL1Ag; CGLA; Cystic fibrosis antigen; Leukocyte L1 complex light chain; MA387; MIF; Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8; MRP8; MRP-8; MRP8S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A); NIF; P8; protein S100-A8; S100 calcium binding protein A8; S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (calgranulin A); S100 calcium-binding protein A8; S100A8; Urinary stone protein band A

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
10.835 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	1q21.3
Sequence:	1; NC_000001.11 (153390032..153422583, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Calprotectin (S100A8/9) is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. Except for inflammatory conditions, the expression is restricted to a specific stage of myeloid differentiation since both proteins are expressed in circulating neutrophils and monocytes but are absent in normal tissue macrophages and lymphocytes. Under chronic inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis and malignant disorders, also expressed in the epidermis. Found in high concentrations at local sites of inflammation or in the serum of patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, giant cell arteritis, cystic fibrosis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive systemic sclerosis. Involved in the formation and deposition of amyloids in the aging prostate known as corpora amylacea inclusions. Strongly up-regulated in many tumors, including gastric, esophageal, colon, pancreatic, bladder, ovarian, thyroid, breast and skin cancers.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation or endothelial adhesion of monocytes, is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway.

Diseases

• Inflammation
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Arthritis
• Carcinoma
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Inflammatory Response
• Cell Invasion
• Malignant Squamous Cell Neoplasm
• Psoriasis
• Atherosclerosis
• Tissue Adhesions

• Infective Disorder
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Carcinogenesis
• Fibrosis
• Chronic Inflammation
• Pneumonia
• Dermatologic Disorders

Interacting Proteins

• GAPDH
• S100A9

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Immune Response
• Inflammatory Response
• Secretion
• Cell Proliferation
• Localization
• Cell Cycle
• Wound Healing
• Transport
• Chemotaxis
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Death
• Angiogenesis

• Cell Activation
• Cell Migration
• Regeneration
• Aging
• Flight
• Keratinocyte Differentiation
• Coagulation

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Oxidation
• Cleavage
• Carboxylation
• Nitrosylation

• Reduction
• Glutathionylation
• Glycosylation
• Citrullination
• Deglycosylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/S100A8

Best Uses Of The S100A8 Marker

S100A8 is a great biomarker to aid in determining the capabilities of an individual gene. There are three subtypes for the S100A8 marker. They are TLR4, TLR5, and TLR8. Each has its own applications. Learn more about which type of biomarker is best for you!

Anti-Bax

A recent study published in the Journal of Neuroscience showed that Anti-Bax Boster Bio S1000A8 was found to be positively associated with S100A9 protein expression in plasma of patients with spinal cord injuries. These findings suggest that this protein could be a valuable marker for judging the severity of the injury, and could aid in clinical treatment decisions. Further, S100A9 has recently been identified to be linked to the inflammatory response in the body, including an cellular-level response.

TLR4

The S100A8 marker is a protein found in the nuclear genome. It is found in a variety tissues, including the brain and the intestine. It binds activated HMEC-1 cell. The complex S100A8/A9 has the most affinity for HMEC-1 and an mAb called 27E10 detects this binding. Although S100A8 and S100A9 are not homologues, they are identical in structure and reactivity.

The S100A8/A9 marker plays an important role in many cell types including vascular. It is a anti-inflammatory protein that may involve S-nitrosylation, oxidation, and arachidonic acid binding. These proteins play different roles in the cardiovascular system. This article discusses the many applications of S100A8 and S100A9 in research on atherosclerosis.

S100A8 regulates a wide range of cellular processes including cell growth and proliferative. It is essential to understand how you can manipulate it to decrease the size of tumors as well as decrease cell proliferation, since it is an overexpressed gene in certain cancers. S100A8 overexpression in Huh7 cells as well as MHCC97H cell lines resulted in increased tumor growth and migration. It could also be useful as a biomarker used to diagnose HCC.

The S100A8 and S100A9 proteins are calcium channel proteins that form heterodimers within cell membranes. They co-localize with proteins of the cytoskeleton. Monocytes secrete S100A8 and A9 proteins upon stimulation by activated endothelium. Their secretion is a non-Golgi alternate pathway that is mediated by protein kinase.

The S100A8 level of methylation is a useful an indicator of molecular reactivity for HCC. However, it is a bit limited due to the absence of a survival time study. Larger cohorts are needed for more accurate predictions. Find out more about the S100A8 marker here. The possibilities are endless! There are many uses for this protein.

S100A8 could be a possible candidate marker for many diseases. Many calcium-binding proteins from the S100 family are produced by this family. These proteins act as antimicrobials. S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein that has been proposed as an indicator of gastrointestinal diseases. S100A8 and S100A9 are essential in inflammation.

TLR5

The S100A8 marker binds activated cells of HMEC-1 and is a key component of the immune response. The S100A8/A9 compound binds better to HMEC-1 cells than its monomer. This mAb detects binding of S100A8 to the HMEC-1. We will take a review some of the most effective uses for S100A8.

The S100A8/A9 molecule is a key biomarker for inflammation, and is highly sensitive to therapy. This biomarker plays an essential role in the immune response during inflammation, and therapies that target the S100A8/A9 system could be superior to those that target other molecules. This biomarker may be able to identify various ailments, such as cardiovascular disorders and skin stress.

The S100A8 level of methylation could be used to detect HCC. However the use of S100A8 methylation as a biomarker for HCC is restricted by a lack of survival time among patients with the disease. To offer more accurate predictability, larger numbers of patients are required. This biomarker may be useful in the treatment and detection of early-stage HCC.

Recent research has shown that S100A8/A9 may be used as a biomarker to aid in the detection of cardiovascular disease. However, further research is needed to understand its role in the cardiovascular disease. This protein is involved in the anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory responses of a variety of cells, and contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the role played by this biomarker in finding early signs of AKI in patients.

In the study mentioned above S100A8/A9 levels were elevated in patients suffering from sepsis as well as systemic inflammation response syndrome. Serum S100A8/A9 levels were independent predictors of mortality after 28 days, suggesting that S100A8/A9 may be an important biomarker for sepsis. It is important to keep in mind that S100A8/A9 could be used to determine the risk of infection in patients with RA.

S100A8/A9 is popular for its structural insights. However, it is not known what it does to bind to human macrovascular endothelial cell. The binding of S100A8/A9 has been studied in primary macrovascular endothelial , as well as human microvascular cells. Human microvasculature is a preferred location for migrating inflamed cells. HMEC-1 cells were chosen to study in ex vivo conditions.

TLR8

The S100A8 and S100A9 proteins play important functions in inflammatory diseases. They are promising candidates for therapeutic treatments. However, further studies are required to determine their exact functions in the physiology of inflammation. In this article, we will look at their potential applications in different kinds of diseases as well as their potential clinical applications. Utilizing the S100A8 marker in these diseases will be a helpful step forward in improving the quality of care for patients.

The S100A8/A9 protein has been demonstrated to play a key role in cardiovascular disease in both mice and humans. They are being studied as markers of cardiovascular disease and mediators of biological effects within the cardiovascular system. We will eventually be able to comprehend their role in the development of cardiovascular disease to develop new strategies for prevention and treatment. This discovery will enable scientists to use S100A8/A9 for human studies to find novel treatment options for cardiovascular disease.

S100A8/A9 proteins are involved in innate immune system and mediate the inflammatory response. The body can increase the inflammatory response by producing S100A8/A9 proteins. They also speed up the release of cytokines via neutrophils. Septic shock can be caused by the overexpression of S100A8/A9 proteins. S100A8/A9 protein may also increase antimicrobial effects and protect the liver from injury.

The S100A8 and A9 proteins are highly homodimers that can form stable heterodimers. This heterodimer and homodimer protein can be used to determine the function of S100A8 and A9 in the initial developmental process. S100A8 regulates cell activity and cell proliferation. It is also understood that S100A8 regulates adhesion to transmigration. This discovery reveals the vital function of the S100A8/A9 protein in early development.

The S100A8 protein is a possible candidate for treating inflammation caused by obesity. By targeting the protein, it can stop the initial manifestations of the cycle of inflammation. Studies have also revealed that the S100A8/A9 proteins decrease inflammation in adipose tissue. The S100A8/A9 protein and the S100A9 proteins may be therapeutic targets in the inflammatory condition after bariatric surgery.