Protein PML Antibodies

Protein PML (PML)

Functions via its association with PML-nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) in a wide range of important cellular processes, including tumor suppression, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and viral protection mechanisms. Acts as the scaffold of PML-NBs allowing different proteins to shuttle in and out, a process which is regulated by SUMO-mediated modifications and interactions.

Isoform PML-4 also: acts as a transcriptional repressor of TBX2 during cellular senescence and the repression is determined by a functional RBL2/E2F4 repressor complex, regulates double-strand fracture repair in gamma- irradiation-induced DNA damage responses via its interaction with WRN, acts as a negative regulator of telomerase by interacting with TERT, also modulates PER2 nuclear localization and cognitive function. Isoform PML-6 inhibits specifically the action of the tetrameric form of PKM.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	PML
Uniprot:	P29590
Entrez:	5371

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

MYLPP8675; Promyelocytic leukemia protein; promyelocytic leukemia; RING finger protein 71; RNF71probable transcription factor PML; TRIM19promyelocytic leukemia, inducer of; tripartite motif protein TRIM19; Tripartite motif-containing protein 19

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
97.551 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	15q24.1
Sequence:	15; NC_000015.10 (73994673..74047827)

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Cytoplasm. Nucleus, PML body. Nucleus, nucleolus. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Early endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Isoform PML-1 can shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Isoform PML-2, isoform PML-3, isoform PML-4, isoform PML-5 and isoform PML-6 are nuclear isoforms whereas isoform PML-7 and isoform PML-14 lacking the nuclear localization signal are cytoplasmic isoforms. Detected in the nucleolus after DNA damage. Acetylation at Lys-487 is essential for its nuclear locali

Diseases

• Leukemia
• Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
• Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute
• Chromosomal Translocation
• Myeloid Leukemia
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Virus Diseases
• Neoplasm, Residual
• Leukemogenesis

• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Cytogenetic Abnormality
• Carcinoma
• Cytomegalovirus Infections
• Infective Disorder
• Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic
• Acute Leukemia

Interacting Proteins

• CSNK2A1
• DAXX
• FAS
• KLHL20
• MAPK7

• MDM2
• PSMA3
• SUMO1
• TBX2
• TERT

• TET2
• TGIF1
• TP53
• ZBTB16

Pathways

• Localization
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Cycle
• Senescence
• Cell Death
• Cell Growth
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Proliferation
• Dna Repair
• Viral Replication
• Conjugation
• Cellular Senescence
• Dna Replication

• Reverse Transcription
• Transport
• Interphase
• Induction Of Apoptosis
• Telomere Maintenance
• Cell Cycle Arrest
• Translation

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Sumoylation
• Acetylation
• Cleavage
• Ubiquitination
• Methylation
• Deacetylation

• Oxidation
• Demethylation
• Dephosphorylation
• Reduction
• Sulphation
• Amidation
• Acylation

• Iodination

Research Areas

• Cancer
• Zinc Finger

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/PML

Best Uses Of The PML Marker

The PML marker is a specific kind of protein taken from human cells. It has a high affinity for its target protein, which is C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokine-releasing factor-2 (CRF-2). To ensure the specificity of Boster's antibodies were tested thoroughly with positive and negative samples. Boster also provides the first reviewer with credit for the product. This recognition is designed to reward all scientists across the globe, not only those who review Boster Bio antibodies. Boster Bio antibodies.

C-reactive protein (CRP)

There are several advantages when using the PML marker, but it's not the only benefit. It is also used to treat PML-related diseases such as chronic hepatitis C. In addition to identifying the early development of the disease it also provides a complete review of available treatments.

One of the most useful benefits of the PML marker is the early detection of neuroblastoma, which is a childhood cancer that affects 100 UK children annually. It targets the peripheral nervous system, which controls organs and muscles. Neuroblastoma typically appears as a tumor that is located in the chest or stomach. If it's possible to identify children with the PML marker at diagnosis this could save many UK children every year. It's possible that the PML marker will become a routine part in the NHS screening process within two or three years. It's definitely worth having a go.

To increase the accuracy of PML diagnosis It has been suggested that JCV-specific effector T-cells can be identified. These cells migrate towards draining lymph nodes and trigger the activation of anti-JCT-lymphocytes. The T-cells of effector memory can be identified in peripheral blood by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay.

The study also showed that MS patients treated with NTZ with PML are at risk for the disease. However, NTZ can cause severe adverse side effects. Therefore, there isn't a specific treatment for this illness. However, there is hope for the future of NTZ-treated MS patients. There are many unsolved issues with this disease, and a cure is likely in the next few years. In the meantime, the PML marker can assist patients in making better decisions regarding their care.

The most effective use of the PML marker is to assess patients' chances of developing PML. The best method to do this is to test the levels in plasma or serum of anti-JCV antibodies. Although PML is the most effective way to identify the disease it isn't likely that you will develop the disease. PML is an indicator of risk that could be one in ten thousand. The test can be carried out by a physician or a healthcare provider with the aid of an antibody that is PML-specific.

CD62L

Boster Bio's PML immunostaining kits come with a detailed guide that walks you through every step to a successful IHC. The comprehensive guide provides step-by step illustrations and recommended the right reagents. The guide also contains information on how to troubleshoot issues with immunostaining and procedure for making samples. Boster Bio has more information regarding PML immunostaining.

The PML marker is not the only instrument to detect the disease. More than half of PML patients suffer from motor symptoms, cognitive disorders or neurovisual impairments. In around 40% of cases, dysphasia and ataxia are present. The PML marker can help to determine the likelihood of developing the disease. In addition to screening patients for PML as a test, this test could be used to monitor other illnesses, like diabetes.

Recent research has proven that VLA-4, LFA-1 are essential for TH2 and TH27 lymphocyte migration into the CNS. The inhibition of VLA-4-mediated anti-JCV-specific T-cell trafficking in the CNS is believed to be a contributing factor to the development of PML However, these markers have not yet been proved to be reliable diagnostic tools in clinical practice.

The PML-MTP ELISA has been proven to be effective in detecting JCV virus. This test is not perfect, however, since there have been a number of PML cases with positive ELISPOT results. The titers are less in patients taking cART or natalizumab therapy. PML also has an IRIS that makes the detection of the virus more difficult.

PML was first diagnosed as a novel pathology in histopathology. It is characterized by a well-known triad of symptoms: demyelination bizarre astrocytes, and nuclear inclusion bodies. However, the detection of JCV DNA or protein has proven to be a reliable way to confirm the diagnosis of PML. Stop using NTZ immediately If you suspect PML.

The PML immunostaining tool was designed to detect JCV DNA in CSF. It also detects recurrent JCV infection. The absence of PML in the CSF compartment doesn't rule out the existence of PML. Furthermore, the CSF compartment might not be able to accurately reflect the status of infection of the brain parenchyma. If you suspect PML in your child you should have him or her examined.

Although PML immunostaining is beneficial in MS diagnosis, the likelihood of an individual developing this disease is not known. There are numerous risks to PML. PML treatment is only available when there is a high chance of the patient getting the disease. Boster Bio Best Uses Of The PML Marker

As the disease gets worse, the presence of PML in the body's cells has serious prognostic implications. It is the cause of death for 20 percent of patients with MS and is associated with serious disability for 40 percent of survivors. However, there is some hope. The research is very promising. It is still too early to know whether PML is an effective biomarker. But only time will tell.