PROX1 Antibodies

Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1)

Transcription factor involved in developmental processes like cell fate determination, gene transcriptional regulation and progenitor cell regulation in a number of organs. Plays a critical role in embryonic development and acts as a key regulatory protein in neurogenesis and the evolution of the heart, eye lens, liver, pancreas and the lymphatic system.

Involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. Represses: transcription of the retinoid-related orphan receptor RORG, transcriptional activator activity of RORA and RORG and the expression of RORA/G-target genes such as core clock components: ARNTL/BMAL1, NPAS2 and CRY1 and metabolic genes: AVPR1A and ELOVL3.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	PROX1
Uniprot:	Q92786
Entrez:	5629

Family

Belongs to:
Prospero homeodomain family

Alternative Names

Homeobox prospero-like protein PROX1; prospero homeobox 1; prospero homeobox protein 1; prospero-related homeobox 1; Prox1; PROX-1

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
83.203 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	1q32.3
Sequence:	1; NC_000001.11 (213983239..214041510)

Tissue Specificity

Most actively expressed in the developing lens. Detected also in embryonic brain, lung, liver and kidney. In adult, it is more abundant in heart and liver than in brain, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus. RORG promotes its nuclear localization.

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Lymphedema
• Carcinoma
• Tumor Angiogenesis
• Corneal Diseases
• Nervousness
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Tissue Adhesions
• Sarcoma
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Kaposi Sarcoma

• Diabetes Mellitus, Non-insulin-dependent
• Lymphatic Metastasis
• Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm To The Lymph Node
• Inflammation
• Skin Neoplasms
• Lymphangioma
• Liver Carcinoma

Interacting Proteins

• CTBP2
• HNF1A
• HNF4A

Pathways

• Lymphangiogenesis
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Cycle
• Cell Proliferation
• Neurogenesis
• Angiogenesis
• Regeneration
• Eye Development
• Localization
• Lens Fiber Cell Differentiation
• Pathogenesis
• Liver Development
• Cell Growth

• Cell Development
• Methylation
• Dna Methylation
• Endothelial Cell Differentiation
• Cell Fate Specification
• Cell Adhesion
• Vasculogenesis

PTMs

• Methylation
• Phosphorylation

• Demethylation
• Sumoylation

• Reduction

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/PROX1

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The PROX1 Marker

Boster Bio: PROX1 markers can be used to analyze particular samples. This is a great way to increase the quality of your research. This marker allows you to submit results of tests on specific species or samples in order to receive credit and product credits. Boster provides this product to all scientists regardless of their location. You can also submit your species or application results, which could give you product credits or special samples.

Anti-Myelin Basic Protein Monoclonal Antibody

Researchers can detect MBP in a variety tissues and cells using the Boster Bio Antimyelin Basic Protein MCP Monoclonal Monoclonal Antibody. It has cross-reactivity with human, mouse, rat, and zebrafish and has been tested in WB, IHC and IF.

In a mouse model, the antibody is cross-reactive (but not entirely) with myelin. It is partially due to the spreading and reactivity of the epitope. The data-driven analytics model suggests that antigenspecific antibodies are formed from a chronic immune responses to the same Antigen. This antibody is enriched with both MBP1 & LMP1, a marker myelin.

These antibodies are made from a genetically-tagged fragment that matches MBP's H-CDR3. These molecules bind protein with low affinity. It's likely that intermediate cross-reactive antibodies could mature into MBP-reactive antibodies. The fragment TYGGTFTDYLYNWVK corresponds to the CDR3 region in antibodies that bind to MBP.

A mouse model that mimics the human immune system's response to the protein MBP shows a similar pattern of antibody production. The mice were given either MBP or LMP1. This experiment revealed that mice with LMP1- and MBP-immunized mice had higher clonal diversities. In a mouse model with myelin damage, anti-MBP monoclonal antibodies are also highly effective.

We first purchased human MBP from Insight Biotechnology Ltd. in Wembley, UK, to examine the anti-MBP immunoglobulin (titration) results. Jan J. Enghild conducted mass spectrometry testing on the MBP. He discovered that the MBP contained haemoglobin. We diluted the MBP using 0*0025% of NaN3 in PBS. Then, we further boiled it for fifteen minutes to get rid haemoglobin.

Patients with MS and healthy controls had similar binding efficiencies to human MBP, as did sera. Both groups also induced co-deposition in vitro of IgG, IgM and C3 fragments. The MBP/igG codeposition was also inhibited by EDTA-mediated inhibition of calcium dependent serum factors. This suggests that the antibodies were specifically targeted to the MBP-reactive cells in both groups.

Boster Bio Anti-Myelin Basic Protein M-Boster-Boster-AB allows you to detect MBP in many tissues. It can be used in neuroinflammation and is a therapeutic tool. With this powerful tool, researchers have been able to better understand this vital protein.

The anti-MBP antibodies were tested in female BALB/c mice and SJL mouse. The mice received 0.1 mg Gly HCl at pH 2.5, 100 microliters of MBP, and were immunized. Antigen-immunized mice had significant proliferation of CD4+ T cells. These studies have shown that the antibody may play a therapeutic function in the treatment and prevention of many neurodegenerative disorders.

Anti-PROX1 antibody

Boster's Anti PROX1 antibody is made to recognize PROX1 protein in humans and mice. This antibody is available in PBS containing only 0.09% sodium azide. It's prepared from rabbits that were immunized against a synthetic protein. It can be used for research and diagnostic purposes. Many Boster bio products work well with many applications. Boster bio products may also be made available through custom-made services.

Boster Bio produces high quality, high-sensitivity antibody that is highly efficient in research. The antibodies are approved for use in IHC and WB, ELISA, Flow Cytmetry, and Flow Cytmetry. The antibodies have been compared against over 29,000 publications. Each boster bio antibody has been validated for use with IHC, WB, or Flow Cytometry.

Proxin is an important chromosome modification protein that is linked to gene expression. It is involved in chromosome stability and related to KSHV. It has been implicated in many diseases, including breast cancer and colon cancer. The Anti-PROX1 antibody from Boster Bio is designed to recognize the proteins induced by KSHV. It also recognizes other proteins such as KSHV or NFKB that can cause inflammatory or neoangiogenic effects.

PROX1 is required for KSHV-induced MEndT. KSHV infected MSCs need to express PROX1 in the MEndT process. This protein is a vital regulator of KSHV-mediated MEndT. Boster Bio's Anti-PROX1 antibody can be used to target KSHV-infected cells and prevent the disease spreading. And by using this antibody, researchers are able to monitor the development of MEndT in a clinical setting.

The AntiPROX1 antibody is a good choice for experiments in which you want to study the role PROX1 has in endothelial differentiate. To study the role of ProX1 in MEndT, RNAi has been used in a variety of silencing techniques. Western blot validation confirmed this knockdown efficiency. A Matrigel tubulogenesis test was used to determine the contribution of PROX1 towards endothelial development.

Anti-PROX1 antibodies are powerful inhibitors of PROX1 expression. It blocks VEGFA-mediated tissue regeneration in PDLSCs. The protein also induces new lymphatic vessels that play an important role for tissue edema, functional and morphological restoration of damaged nerves, and tissue edema. Boster Bio has an anti-PROX1 antibody that can be used to study cancer patients.

Incubation in mouse brain tissue sections with antiPROX1 antibody

It has been demonstrated that cells that express the protein can be identified by incubating mouse brain tissue sections with an antiPROX1 antibody. These cells express PCNA, and the proliferation markers Ki67, but have lower labeling than the control. This suggests that PROX1 may be a distinct quality. Proliferation measurements are used in Gliomas as an adjunct for other methods.

PCNA, which is also known as the proliferation cell nuclear antibody, is used extensively to monitor brain tumors. Moreover, it is also known to exhibit increased reactivity after cellular DNA damage. PROX1 is known to interact with PCNA via a conserved PIP-box motif within the Prospero domain. PCNA is found in all types of tumors, but high-grade tumors have weak or absent PCNA signals and a lower proportion of PROX1+ cells.

Prox1 expression is found in many types of cells in the adult mouse retina. Here, we concentrated on its neuronal activity in the inner nucleus layer (INL), which is the retina. Sections of retina were immunostained using an anti-PROX1 antibody that targeted the C-terminus. Immunostaining detected strong signals in several of the amacrine and bipolar cell bodies.

Incubation of mouse brain tissue sections with an anti-PROX1 antibody was performed as follows: To perform immunohistochemistry, paraffin-embedded sections were first deparaffinized, then incubated with rabbit anti-PROX1 antibody, goat anti-LYVE-1 antibody, goat anti-MAP2 antibody, and goat anti-PCNA antibody. All three antibodies were then diluted 1:1500. Then the sections were further incubated in 5% milk in PBS, followed by DAPI staining.

Prox1 is an important regulator for neural cell differentiation. It inhibits expression neuroblast-specific and cell cycle regulatory genes. It is expressed in Drosophila, but it is not the same as Prospero in fly. However, it promotes cell cycle exit and transient expression. This indicates that the protein does not promote full differentiation, but rather regulates the progression of lymphangiogenesis.

Incubation with an antiPROX1 antibody on mouse brain tissue sections revealed that PROX1+ cell were found in regions where LVs are expected to form. The clusters containing proX1+ BVs were also identified by weak LYVE1 stains. It was not common to find PROX1-expressing cells in clusters. They were also more likely to be found in areas where LVs would form later.

NeuN-co-expressed Prox1+ cells showed similar focal distribution patterns as MAP2+, bIII tubulin+ and MAP2+ cells. PROX1-expressing cells in Grade IV tumors showed a low level of expression of MAP2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

Mice are a good model for this study because they express both CD206+ and F4/80+ macrophage-like cells. They do not have meningeal LVs. Further research is needed to understand their functions and the properties of associated Phagocytes. These promising findings should be confirmed by further research.