Optineurin Antibodies

Optineurin (OPTN)

Plays an essential part in the maintenance of the Golgi complex, in membrane trafficking, in exocytosis, through its interaction with myosin VI and Rab8 (PubMed:27534431). Links myosin VI to the Golgi complex and plays an important role in Golgi ribbon formation (PubMed:27534431).

Mechanistically, recruits TBK1 in the Golgi apparatus, boosting its trans-phosphorylation after RLR or TLR3 stimulation (PubMed:27538435). In turn, triggered TBK1 phosphorylates its downstream partner IRF3 to generate IFN-beta.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	OPTN
Uniprot:	Q96CV9
Entrez:	10133

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

FIP2FIP-2; GLC1Eglaucoma 1, open angle, E (adult-onset); HIP7ALS12; Huntingtin interacting protein L; Huntingtin yeast partner L; Huntingtin-interacting protein 7; Huntingtin-interacting protein L; HYPLHIP-7; NEMO-related protein; NRPE3-14.7K-interacting protein; Optic neuropathy-inducing protein; optineurin; TFIIIA-INTP; Transcription factor IIIA-interacting protein; transcrption factor IIIA-interacting protein; tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible cellular protein containing leucinezipper domains

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
65.922 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	10p13
Sequence:	10; NC_000010.11 (13100082..13138308)

Tissue Specificity

Present in aqueous humor of the eye (at protein level). Highly expressed in trabecular meshwork. Expressed nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, retina, brain, adrenal cortex, fetus, lymphocyte, fibroblast, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, brain and placenta.

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Recycling endosome. Found in the perinuclear region and associates with the Golgi apparatus (PubMed:27534431). Colocalizes with MYO6 and RAB8 at the Golgi complex and in vesicular structures close to the plasma membrane. Localizes to LC3-positive cytoplasmic vesicles upon induction of autophagy.

Diseases

• Glaucoma
• Glaucoma, Open-angle
• Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
• Intraocular Pressure Disorder
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• Sclerosis
• Primary Lateral Sclerosis
• Liver Diseases
• Decreased Immunologic Activity [pe]
• Low Tension Glaucoma
• Graft Failure
• Blind Vision

• Kidney Failure, Chronic
• Kidney Diseases
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Disorder Of The Optic Nerve
• Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Liver Failure

Interacting Proteins

• AKAP6
• CDC23
• DAZAP2
• DST
• DYSF

• HACE1
• HTT
• LITAF
• MPP1
• RAB10

• RAB8A
• RBM12
• SLMAP
• SNX6
• SQSTM1

• TBC1D15
• TBC1D17
• TBK1
• TNIP1
• TTN

• VWF
• WASHC3
• ZDHHC17
• ZNF329
• ZNF398

• ZNF426
• ZNF670

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Localization
• Cell Death
• Sensitization
• Secretion
• Autophagy
• Transport
• Immune Response
• Rna Interference
• Aging
• Response To Oxidative Stress
• Cell Division
• Innate Immune Response

• Exocytosis
• Secretory Pathway
• Endocytosis
• Neuron Death
• Cellular Localization
• Bone Remodeling
• Response To Lipopolysaccharide

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Ubiquitination

• Glycosylation
• Cleavage

Research Areas

• Immunology
• Innate Immunity
• Vision

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/OPTN

Boster Bio: Best Uses of the OPTN Marker

Boster Bio: Best Uses for The OPTN Marker is something you've probably heard of. You may also be familiar the IL6 cytokine. If you're not, however, the boster bio is a powerful tool for researchers. It allows scientists and engineers to submit their results and receive product credits. The boster bio is applicable to scientists worldwide.

Cytokine Ill6

The IL6 cytokine participates in a wide range of biological processes. It binds on the cell membrane to a receptor called IL-6R. IL-6R can be expressed on a subset of cells including lymphocytes, dendritic and dendritic cell cells. It is involved in intracellular signalling pathways which control hematopoiesis.

IL-6 is a well-known cytokine that stimulates acute-phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokine. Its metabolic role was recognized early and has been studied extensively in both human and animal models. IL-6 levels are higher in obese individuals, but they decrease with weight loss. In humans, elevated plasma levels of IL-6 have been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.

Cancer patients have elevated serum levels of IL-6. Elevated IL-6 levels have been linked to impaired lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and endothelial activation. Blockade of IL-6 with tocilizumab is known to partially restore immune defects. In addition, the IL-6 levels are inversely correlated with static lung compliance as well as arterial oxygen tension to FIO2.

1973 was the first year that IL-6 biology became known. A soluble factor, produced by T-cells, was crucial for B cells in producing antibodies. Scientists from Chugai Pharmaceuticals were trying to find new ways of targeting this cytokine. They wanted to find a way that would inhibit its activity. They hoped that by blocking IL-6 they could develop a more targeted therapy option for patients with autoimmune conditions.

IL-6 is a potent cytokine which can stimulate T cells growth and differentiation. It has been shown in studies to increase peripheral T cells and mitogen stimulated thymocytes. It has been linked with the development of rheumatoid arthritis. A study on patients with active RA found that their synovial fluid had high levels IL-6.

Although modest increases in serum IL-6 have been used as a basis for CSS's denial, these findings are not conclusive. The median and interquartile ranges IL-6 levels in four large COVID-19-patient studies were between seven to forty five pg*mL. The temporal heterogeneity and cytokine analysis may have missed a rapid rise in these patients.

Stanniocalcin-1 antibody

This boster bio Stanniocalcin-1 anti-osteocalcin-1 antibody uses OPTN to detect osteocalcin mRNA in human tissue. It is part the Picoband(tm), an antibody library. It can be stored at -20degC to 4degC for up one year. Recombinant Human Protein, Trehalose, and Na2HPO4 are the reagents.

Antibody to BDNF

BDNF is a protein which increases in the brain when there is physical activity. It is not yet fully understood but plays a crucial role in the repair or ischemic damage to arterial and cardiac tissues. It is also essential for skin regeneration and regulates immune responses. BDNF is relatively inexpensive and may have multiple applications in the biomedical field.

DPSCs-CM cells produce a total protein concentration of 1800 ug/ml. The supernatant was tested with an ELISA kit and the neurotrophic factors NGF (BDNF), GDNF (GDNF) were detected. Neurite outgrowth was prevented by neutralizing antibodies. DPSCCM significantly reduced neurite growth. The survival rate of neurons was also affected significantly by the antibodies.

Microglia in brain produce BDNF. Many studies have shown that it plays a key role in neuroinflammation as well as neuropathic and pain. This protein can be found in both monomers and homomers. It binds NTRK2/TRKB and is then converted to mature BDNF through plasmin. BDNF is a member in the NGFbeta family.

There were several clinical parameters that were associated with the BDNF serum levels. A lower level was associated with lower neurocognitive function and type 1 diabetes. Hyperglycemia also reduces BDNF's output from the brain to peripheral blood, which can affect cognitive performance. Anti-GDNF antibody also showed a protective effect against diabetic Ketoacidosis.

A monoclonal antibody against the BDNF receptor was identified in human serum in a recent study. The antibody was also capable to detect SIRT1 phospho-CREB. The OD values of the serum samples were calculated through standard curves. The protein levels were determined using immunoblotting using a P2X4R and a p38 antibodies as loading controls.

The BDNF antibody detects BDNF in human, mouse, rat, guinea pig, and other species. It is made from mouse IgG purified protein G. Antibodies against BDNF should not be stored below -20 to 80 degrees Celsius. However, aliquots of BDNF antibodies should be kept at 2-8°C for a maximum of one month. Furthermore, it is advisable not to perform repetitive freeze-thail cycles on the antibody.

COVID-19 antibody

Currently, there are no approved SARS-CoV-2 tests in the United States. This test may still be used by healthcare professionals, public health officials, researchers, and others. This antibody test is still available for use by vaccinated people. Although this test is not appropriate for determining if a person has had contact with COVID-19 patients in the past, it can be helpful in certain clinical scenarios.

Researchers have used several swab techniques in order to determine the effectiveness COVID-19 antibodies. One technique, a self-collected nasal swab, uses the OPTN marker to detect the virus. This method could be used to diagnose COVID-19 symptoms in non-health care settings. The researchers hope that the COVID-19 antibody will aid in the treatment of COV-infected individuals.

In addition to focusing attention on the OPTN mark, the COVID-19 immunoglobulin will also prove useful in assessing how the COVID-19virus and heart muscles relate. The team is also going to analyze the effects of this COVID-19-antibody on the heart muscle and vascular tissue of patients with a variety o diseases. Physicians can better involve patients in decision-making by identifying factors that may lead to false-negative COVID-19 antibody rates in patients with inflammatory-bowel disease.

COVID-19 can be caused by the SARS/CoV-2 virus. To study the pathology of the virus, the researchers recreated it in organoids and micro-organs. Blish studies the immune response of individual cells infected by SARS-CoV-2. These cells are then tested against antibodies that can detect virus infection. These experiments are crucial for future research and development.

Despite other monoclonal anti-bodies' success, bebtelovimab does not have approval for COVID-19 hospitals. The treatment is approved for mild to moderate cases of the condition in both adults and children. The FDA has also approved other monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19, but the new one may still prove more effective.